En mélangeant habilement des images tournée à l’aide d’un Canon 50D et les incrustations d’un robot en 3D, « A Story about Robots » est une création très réussie de Paramotion Films. Une animation narrant l’histoire d’un petit robot captivé par une œuvre de Gustav Klimt. A découvrir en vidéo dans la suite.
Researchers at the University of Stuttgart programmed a robot to wind 60 kilometres of carbon and glass fibre filaments into this pavilion inspired by a lobster’s exoskeleton (+ movie + slideshow).
The Research Pavilion was designed by academics and students from the university’s Institute for Computational Design (ICD) and Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design (ITKE) in collaboration with biologists from the University of Tübingen.
The structure of the pavilion was based on their research into the complex layers and load-bearing efficiency of a lobster’s exoskeleton, which is made up of layers of chitin – a derivative of glucose – embedded in a protein matrix.
They applied what they knew about the exoskeleton to design a structure that could be made from resin-saturated glass and carbon fibres laid down by a robot.
The glass fibres mainly serve as the formwork for the layers, while the stiffer carbon fibres are responsible for the load transfer and rigidity.
The robot wound the resin-saturated fibres onto a steel frame rotating on a turntable.
The steel frame was then taken apart and removed, leaving behind a shell-like pavilion eight metres across, three and a half metres tall, but just four millimetres thick.
We’ve reported on a few projects involving robots, including a robotic 3D printer that builds architectural structures from sand or soil and a robot that prints chairs made of recycled refrigerators – see all robots.
Other high-tech pavilions we’ve featured include one in London’s Olympic Park that can be played like a musical instrument and a spiky structure in New York designed to neutralise air pollution – see all pavilions.
Here’s some more information from the researchers:
ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2012
Institute for Computational Design (ICD) – Prof. Achim Menges
Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design (ITKE) – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jan Knippers
University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning
In November 2012 the Institute for Computational Design (ICD) and the Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design (ITKE) at the University of Stuttgart have completed a research pavilion that is entirely robotically fabricated from carbon and glass fibre composites. This interdisciplinary project, conducted by architectural and engineering researchers of both institutes together with students of the faculty and in collaboration with biologists of the University of Tübingen, investigates the possible interrelation between biomimetic design strategies and novel processes of robotic production. The research focused on the material and morphological principles of arthropods’ exoskeletons as a source of exploration for a new composite construction paradigm in architecture.
At the core of the project is the development of an innovative robotic fabrication process within the context of the building industry based on filament winding of carbon and glass fibres and the related computational design tools and simulation methods. A key aspect of the project was to transfer the fibrous morphology of the biological role model to fibre-reinforced composite materials, the anisotropy of which was integrated from the start into the computer-based design and simulation processes, thus leading to new tectonic possibilities in architecture. The integration of the form generation methods, the computational simulations and robotic manufacturing, specifically allowed the development of a high performance structure: the pavilion requires only a shell thickness of four millimetres of composite laminate while spanning eight metres.
Biological model
Following a “bottom-up” approach, a wide range of different subtypes of invertebrates were initially investigated in regards to the material anisotropy and functional morphology of arthropods. The observed biological principles were analysed and abstracted in order to be subsequently transferred into viable design principles for architectural applications. The exoskeleton of the lobster (Homarus americanus) was analysed in greater detail for its local material differentiation, which finally served as the biological role model of the project.
The lobster’s exoskeleton (the cuticle) consists of a soft part, the endocuticle, and a relatively hard layer, the exocuticle. The cuticle is a secretion product in which chitin fibrils are embedded in a protein matrix. The specific differentiation of the position and orientation of the fibres and related material properties respond to specific local requirements. The chitin fibres are incorporated in the matrix by forming individual unidirectional layers. In the areas where a non-directional load transfer is required, such individual layers are laminated together in a spiral (helicoidal) arrangement. The resulting isotropic fibre structure allows a uniform load distribution in every direction. On the other hand, areas which are subject to directional stress distributions exhibit a unidirectional layer structure, displaying an anisotropic fibre assembly which is optimised for a directed load transfer. Due to this local material differentiation, the shell creates a highly adapted and efficient structure. The abstracted morphological principles of locally adapted fibre orientation constitute the basis for the computational form generation, material design and manufacturing process of the pavilion.
Transfer of biomimetic design principles
In collaboration with the biologists, the fibre orientation, fibre arrangement and associated layer thickness and stiffness gradients in the exoskeleton of the lobster were carefully investigated. The high efficiency and functional variation of the cuticle is due to a specific combination of exoskeletal form, fibre orientation and matrix. These principles were applied to the design of a robotically fabricated shell structure based on a fibre composite system in which the resin-saturated glass and carbon fibres were continuously laid by a robot, resulting in a compounded structure with custom fibre orientation.
In existing fibre placement techniques, e.g. in the aerospace industry or advanced sail production, the fibres are typically laid on a separately manufactured positive mould. Since the construction of a complete positive formwork is fairly unsuitable for the building industry, the project aimed to reduce the positive form to a minimum. As a consequence, the fibres were laid on a temporary lightweight, linear steel frame with defined anchor points between which the fibres were tensioned.
From the straight segments of the prestressed fibres, surfaces emerge that result in the characteristic double curved shape of the pavilion. In this way the hyperbolic paraboloid surfaces resulting from the first sequence of glass fibre winding serve as an integral mould for the subsequent carbon and glass fibre layers with their specific structural purposes and load bearing properties.
In other words, the pavilion itself establishes the positive formwork as part of the robotic fabrication sequence. Moreover, during the fabrication process it was possible to place the fibres so that their orientation is optimally aligned with the force flow in the skin of the pavilion. Fibre optic sensors, which continuously monitor the stress and strain variations, were also integrated in the structure. The project’s concurrent consideration of shell geometry, fibre arrangement and fabrication process leads to a novel synthesis of form, material, structure and performance.
Through this high level of integration the fundamental properties of biological structures were transferred:
Heterogeneity: six different filament winding sequences control the variation of the fibre layering and the fibre orientation of the individual layers at each point of the shell. They are designed to minimise material consumption whilst maximising the stiffness of the structure resulting in significant material efficiency and a very lightweight structure.
Hierarchy: the glass fibres are mainly used as a spatial partitioning element and serve as the formwork for the following layers, whilst the stiffer carbon fibres contribute primarily to the load transfer and the global stiffness of the system.
Function integration: in addition to the structural carbon fibres for the load transfer and the glass fibres for the spatial articulation, functional fibres for illumination and structural monitoring can be integrated in the system.
Computation design and robotic production
A prerequisite for the design, development and realisation of the project was a closed, digital information chain linking the project’s model, finite element simulations, material testing and robot control. Form finding, material and structural design were directly integrated in the design process, whereby the complex interaction of form, material, structure and fabrication technology could be used as an integral aspect of the biomimetic design methodology.
The direct coupling of geometry and finite element simulations into computational models allowed the generation and comparative analysis of numerous variations. In parallel, the mechanical properties of the fibre composites determined by material testing were included in the process of form generation and material optimisation. The optimisation of the fibre and layer arrangement through a gradient-based method, allowed the development of a highly efficient structure with minimal use of material.
The robotic fabrication of the research pavilion was performed on-site in a purpose-built, weatherproof manufacturing environment by a 6-axis robot coupled with an external seventh axis. Placed on a 2m high pedestal and reaching an overall working span and height of 4m, the robot placed the fibres on the temporary steel frame, which was actuated in a circular movement by the robotically controlled turntable.
As part of the fabrication process the fibres were saturated with resin while running through a resin bath directly prior to the robotic placement. This specific setup made it possible to achieve a structure of approximately 8.0m in diameter and 3.5m height by continuously winding more than 60 kilometres of fibre rovings.
The parametric definition of the winding motion paths in relation to the digital geometry model, the robotic motion planning including mathematical coupling with the external axis, as well as the generation of robot control code itself could be implemented in a custom-developed design and manufacturing integrated environment.
After completion of the robotic filament winding process and the subsequent tempering of the fibre-resin composite, the temporary steel frame could be disassembled and removed. The remaining, extremely thin shell of just 4mm thickness constitutes an automatically fabricated, but locally differentiated structure.
The concurrent integration of the biomimetic principles of the lobster’s cuticle and the logics of the newly developed robotic carbon and glass fibre filament winding within the computational design process, enable a high level of structural performance and novel tectonic opportunities for architecture. Despite its considerable size and span, the semi- transparent skin of the pavilion weighs less than 320kg and reveals the system’s structural logic through the spatial arrangement of the carbon and glass fibres. The synthesis of novel modes of computational and material design, digital simulation and robotic fabrication allows both the exploration of a new repertoire of architectural possibilities and the development of extremely lightweight and materially efficient structures.
Project data
Address: Keplerstr. 11-17, 70174 Stuttgart
Date of completion: November 2012
Surface: 29 m2
Volume: 78 m3
Construction weight: 5.6 kg/m2
Material: Mixed laminate consisting of epoxy resin and 70% glass fibres + 30% carbon fibres
Project team:
Institute for Computational Design (ICD) – Prof. Achim Menges
Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design (ITKE) – Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jan Knippers
Concept development: Manuel Schloz, Jakob Weigele
System development and realisation: Sarah Haase, Markus Mittner, Josephine Ross, Manuel Schloz, Jonas Unger, Simone Vielhuber, Franziska Weidemann, Jakob Weigele, Natthida Wiwatwicha; with the support of Michael Preisack and Michael Tondera (Faculty of Architecture Workshop)
Scientific development and project management: Riccardo La Magna (structural design), Steffen Reichert (detailing), Tobias Schwinn (robotic fabrication), Frédéric Waimer (fibre composite technology & structural design)
In collaboration with:
Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Biology of Invertebrates
University of Tübingen – Prof. Oliver Betz,
Centre for Applied Geoscience, Department of Invertebrates-Paleontology,
University of Tübingen – Prof. James Nebelsick
ITV Denkendorf – Dr.-Ing. Markus Milwich
The post Research Pavilion by
ICD and ITKE appeared first on Dezeen.
Les étudiants du Southern California Institute of Architecture ont imaginé ce projet impressionnant “Eye, Robot” combinant cinématographie et robotique. Guidés par leurs professeurs Brandon Kruysman et Jonathan Proto, les étudiants nous proposent cette vidéo passionnante à découvrir dans la suite.
1. Yoko Ono for Opening Ceremony “Soooooo, this is actually, like, ‘art’ or something, isn’t it? No fucking way Yoko Ono thinks she can break up The Beatles AND ruin menswear.” Read more of Jon Moy’s appropriate reaction to Ono’s new Opening Ceremony collection over at Four Pins. 2….
Continue Reading…
Visitors to the Adhocracy show at the Istanbul Design Biennial are confronted with a plotter taking the text of the Open Source Architecture Manifesto from a Wikipedia page and writing it onto a wall. (+ slideshow)
Created by Walter Nicolino and Carlo Ratti of Carlo Ratti Associati, the plotter updates the text as the Wikipedia page changes.
The project began last year when Joseph Grima, editor of Domus magazine and curator of the Adhocracy show, asked Ratti to write a manifesto for open-source architecture.
“I said yeah sure, but let’s do it in an open-source way,” Ratti told Dezeen. “So we set up a page on Wikipedia.”
Ratti, who is director of the Senseable City Lab at MIT, invited contributors including Nicholas Negroponte, John Habraken, Paola Antonelli and Hans Ulrich Obrist to contribute to the page to create an evolving document that was published in Domus in June 2011.
“It’s funny because the editors of Wikipedia kept erasing it until it was published in Domus, and then it became kind of ‘legal’,” says Ratti. “So now it is a page on Wikipedia and people keep on adding to it, changing it and so on. It keeps on evolving.”
In Istanbul the suspended plotter writes the manifesto on a large whiteboard mounted on the wall on the staircase at the Adhocracy exhibition, crossing out and overwriting passages as they are edited on Wikipedia and starting afresh as soon as the text is completed.
The plotter is based on similar principles to Hektor, a wall-mounted plotter that paints with a spray can. “There was a prototype of a similar plotter called Hektor – there’s a couple of them online that were doing things on a piece of paper,” says Ratti. “But here the idea was to do it on an architectural scale, on a big wall.”
See our interview with Joseph Grima about the Adhocracy exhibition and read more about open design on Dezeen.
Here’s some text from Carlo Ratti Associati:
Open Source Architecture Manifesto
2012 / Istanbul TURKEY
When Domus approached Carlo Ratti to write an op-ed on the theme of opensource architecture he responded with an unusual suggestion: why not write it collaboratively, as an open-source document? Within a few hours a page was started on Wikipedia, and an invitation sent to an initial network of contributors. The outcome of this collaborative effort is presented in an article published in Domus in June 2011. The article is a capture of the text as of 11 May 2011, but the Wikipedia page remains online as an open canvas — a 21st century “manifesto” of sorts, which by definition is in permanent evolution.
A year after the article’s publication, in the summer of 2012, the idea of recapturing the text in its current state of mutation was born. However, it was not to be envisaged as a new publication, but rather a piece of the exhibition, Adhocracy, curated by Joseph Grima for the first Istanbul Design Biennal. The studio carlorattiassociati envisioned a canvas on which a free flowing pen writes, erases and constantly rewrites the different versions of the Wikipedia page, indicating corrections, deletions and development of the manifesto in its continuous state of change.
A vertical plotter on a large whiteboard welcomes visitors to the exhibition; its contents are generated in real-time from a script that constantly compares the various versions of the Wikipedia page. Starting each time from one of the numerous updates written online, the pen retraces its steps to incorporate all the users’ contributions. Once it reaches the end, it begins once again, relentlessly in pursuit of the latest version of our open source manifesto, OsArc.
For more information, and to read the article published in Domus (June 2011) visit: senseable.mit.edu/osarc
For details of the exhibition Adhocracy, part of the Istanbul Design Biennal running until December 2012 visit: istanbuldesignbiennial.iksv.org/adhocracy
Team: Carlo Ratti, Walter Nicolino, Pietro Leoni (project leader), Antonio Atripaldi, Giovanni de Niederhausern, Enrico Gueli, Franco Magni
Special thanks to Officine Arduino / FabLab Torino
The post Open Source Architecture Manifesto
by Carlo Ratti Associati appeared first on Dezeen.
Students from Barcelona’s Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia have built a robotic 3D printer that creates architectural structures from sand or soil (+ movie).
Above: visualisation is by the designers
Anna Kulik, Inder Shergill and Petr Novikov suggest that the technology could be used to build temporary canopies or bridges, as pictured.
Above: visualisation is by the designers
The Stone Spray robot sprays the grains of sand or soil out of one nozzle and glue out of another to make a mixture that solidifies as it hits a surface.
Unlike other 3D printers, the robot’s arm moves multi-directionally and can also print onto vertical surfaces.
Novikov will present the project at the 3D Printing Event in Eindhoven on 23 October 2012.
You can also enter our competition to win a weekend pass to the 3D Print Show in London, which takes place between 19 and 21 October 2012.
See all our stories about 3D printing »
See all our stories about robots »
Here’s some more information from the designers:
Stone Spray is a research project by Anna Kulik, Inder Shergill and Petr Novikov, under the supervision of Marta Malé-Alemany, Jordi Portell and Miquel Lloveras of IAAC.
Stone Spray is a robotic 3D printer that produces architecture out of soil. The team’s research was focused on the field of additive manufacturing in architecture, finding means of proposing new eco-friendly, efficient and innovative systems to print architecture in 3D.
The mechanised device collects dirt/sand on site and then sprays it from a nozzle in combination with a binder component. When this mixture hits the surface it solidifies to create sculptural forms.
Because the movements of the robot are digitally controlled by computer, the designer has direct input on the resulting shape. Unlike other 3D printers, the Stone Spray robot can print multi-directionally, even on vertical surfaces.
The post Stone Spray Robot by Anna Kulik,
Inder Shergill and Petr Novikov appeared first on Dezeen.
Découverte de Knob Creek Metal Arts qui proposent des serre-livres absolument splendides. Autour d’idées simples mais magnifiques, ces éléments permettent d’allier l’utile à l’agréable. Plus d’images de ces objets sont à découvrir dans la suite de l’article.
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Nano-copters work together to make music in this amazing video from TED
Professor Vijay Kumar from GRASP, the robotics laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania, just wrapped up a fantastic TED Talk on his robotics work. Using custom-built quad rotor nano-copters, Kumar’s team demonstrated the agility, versatility and programmable awareness of these small drone-like devices. Kumar’s work is focused on creating robots that can work together to achieve a common goal or complete a task. Kumar closed his talk out with the first public viewing of a stunning video depicting his flying robots working in unison to perform a rendition of the James Bond theme music. Kumar’s work on the ability of robots to function as a team, both in making music and flying in formation has impressive implications for the future of functional robotic technology.
Dezeen Screen: in this movie filmed at the FRAC Centre in Orléans, flying robots created by Swiss architects Gramazio & Kohler and Raffaello D’Andrea assemble a six metre-high tower from polystyrene bricks. Watch the movie »
Flying robots will assemble a six metre-high tower at the FRAC Centre in Orléans, France, next month.
Created by Swiss architects Gramazio & Kohler and Raffaello D’Andrea, the mobile machines will lift, transport and assemble 1500 polystyrene foam bricks to build a 3.5 metre wide structure.
The installation will be on show from 2 December 2011 to 19 February 2012.
Gramazio & Kohler previously used a robot called R-O-B to build a looping wall in New York and the award-winning Structural Oscillations installation at the 2008 Venice Architecture Biennale – more details and photos in our earlier story.
You can see all our stories about robots on Dezeen here.
Here are some more details from the architects:
From December 2, 2011, to February 19, 2012, the FRAC Centre presents Gramazio & Kohler and Raffaello d’Andrea, Flight Assembled Architecture, the first installation to be built by flying machines.
In 2011, Gramazio & Kohler and Raffaello D’Andrea started to develop a pioneering approach on dynamic material formation and machine behaviour.
Belonging to the generation of young architects aiming at using the full potential of digital design and fabrication, Gramazio & Kohler joined with Raffaello D’Andrea whose work addresses ground-breaking autonomous systems design and algorithms.
Together, they started to explore the possibilities of a revolutionary assembly apparatus and reveal with their collaboration unseen spatial and structural articulations based on the innovation of Flight Assembled Architecture.
Conceived as an architectural structure at a scale of a 600 m high “vertical village”, the installation addresses radical new ways of thinking and materializing architecture as a physical process of dynamic formation.
Gramazio & Kohler and Raffaello D’Andrea developed a powerful expression of cutting-edge innovation that uses a multitude of mobile agents working in parallel and acting together as scalable production means.
Those are programmed to interact, lift, transport and assemble small modules in order to erect a building structure that synthesizes a rigorous architectural approach by Gramazio & Kohler and a visionary autonomous system design by Raffaello D’Andrea.
The FRAC Centre chose to associate with their approach. The aim was to initiate a unique installation and be able to include the result in its collection of experimental architecture.
Moreover, this is the first collaborative project by Gramazio & Kohler and Raffaello D’Andrea and will be exclusively exhibited at the FRAC Centre, Orléans.
Following an initial phase lasting several days and dedicated to the assembly by flying machines of a model standing 6 m high and 3,5 m in diameter– made up of 1500 prefabricated polystyrene foam modules –,
the exhibition will feature a “megastructure” in its completed form, along with a film documenting the airborne assembly and all aspects of the exhibition.
Additional lecture by Gramazio & Kohler on their architectural works, organized by the Centre culturel suisse in collaboration with the Centre Pompidou in Paris. Centre Pompidou, December 2, 2011, 7 pm.
An exhibition catalogue (English/French bilingual), Flight Assembled Architecture by Gramazio & Kohler and Raffaello D’Andrea, FRAC Centre coll., will be published by HYX, Orléans in February 2012.
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