The Design Evolution of the Air Conditioner, Part 2

As we saw in Part 1, the earliest domestic air conditioners (like the one above) were upright-piano-sized console units putting out up to 24,000 BTUs. But in the mid-1930s, some companies figured that smaller, more manageable air conditioners in the 3,500-7,000 BTU range–good enough to cool a single room or office–might be more desirable to consumers.

Thus in 1936, the Pleasantaire Corporation released this sleek, diminutive, 4,000-BTU window-mounted model called the Northwind:

(I love points #5, 6 and 7 in the advertisement directly above. Point #5 probably meant it drowned out noise, while points #6 and 7 are probably good ol’ B.S.)

This sleeker design was apparently not very effective or didn’t sell well–it was retired after just two years on the market. In 1938 Pleasantaire began producing a very different-looking machine. This design was slightly more powerful at 6,000 BTUs, and resembled a radio, aesthetically speaking:

By 1939 the preferred form factor evolved drastically, with consoles on the outs; this was something like going from mainframe computers to personal PCs, and window-based units became all the rage.

Below is the 1939 “Cool Wave” air conditioner. Interestingly, it was released as a joint effort between the York Ice Machinery Company and radio manufacturer Philco, and I believe you can see some radio DNA in this design as well as Pleasantaire’s:

By 1940, Carrier jumped into the window-unit game. Their Weathermaker De Luxe had a bolder, more contemporary design than the Cool-Wave, splitting the louvers between the front and sides of the unit, and adding a contrasting visual element to the front:

Philco-York responded in 1941 with this “sensational, new” waterfall-front design:

Alas, by the end of 1941 America had been pulled into the Second World War. Air conditioner development would be largely halted for the next four years.

Stay tuned for Part 3.

New Designers show sees graduates strive toward a circular economy

Edible, Dissolvable Noodle Pack by Holly Grounds

Edible ramen packaging and biomaterials are among the five sustainable design projects from the graduate class of 2020 in this VDF school show, curated by New Designers.

The theme for the exhibit is Circular Economy – a sustainable economic system aimed at eliminating waste – chosen by the organisers of the annual New Designers event in response to a surge of design students tackling environmental issues in their work.

It is one of four Virtual Design Festival school shows curated by New Designers in lieu of its annual event in London. The exhibits feature a total of 20 graduate projects and, in addition to sustainability, explore the themes of gender, boldness and nature.

The five featured projects below were completed by graduates from different courses and universities from across the UK, unified by a clear ambition to make the design world more sustainable.


New Designers graduate show

Showcase: New Designers
Theme: Circular Economy
Instagram: @newdesigners
Organiser: Upper Street Events

Event statement: 

New Designers, the UK’s largest design graduate show, celebrates its 35th anniversary in 2020 with the launch of a series of digital initiatives throughout the summer. In lieu of a physical showcase, the event will aim to promote and celebrate the work of the graduate class of 2020. With these virtual initiatives, New Designers hopes to offer graduates alternative opportunities to gain better insights into the design industry and advance in their professional careers in such extraordinary circumstances.

“Since the start of June, New Designers has been running ND Selects, a social media campaign that hopes to offer visibility and recognition to students’ final projects. Each day, New Designers publishes a post about different students, highlighting their final piece, alongside their processes and influences.

“This year has seen a surge in final projects that respond directly to environmental and social issues. From game design to textile prints, the class of 2020 has offered creative design solutions for contemporary storage, diagnosing dyslexia and reconnecting children with nature. Making informed and considered material choices that are either recyclable or locally sourced has also been a key focus for many students.”


Caitlin Agnew

Caitlin Agnew

“The project brings together traditional textile design processes with material engineering and utilises basic cooking skills to create innovative biomaterials suitable for a fashion application.

“Using only natural and waste materials as ingredients to create the biomaterials, new screen-printing binders have been made out of natural ingredients in an attempt to make traditional screen printing more sustainable.

“The process for creating the biomaterials largely resembles cooking, using basic kitchen ingredients and appliances. New materials have been created using only waste or natural ingredients so that they are biodegradable in a shift towards a circular design system. Materials such as agar and different forms of waste such as seaweed, food waste and textile waste have been a focus for experimentation.”

Name: Caitlin Agnew
University: Birmingham City University
Course: BA (Hons) Textile Design 


Kiera Morel

Kiera Morel

“This project explores the ways in which experimental and unconventional materials can be constructed into textiles through knitting and crochet. The samples explore qualities needed to create innovative, tactile and interactive fabrics.

“An integral part of Kiera’s process was to utilise material exploration, sampling and research. Through this, she found that materials can possess different tactile qualities than they appear to. Kiera aims to challenge perceptions of materiality while creating unexpected haptic sensations when interacting with the textiles.

“Where possible, Kiera has used natural fibres for samples. When using synthetic yarns she has limited each sample to one kind of fibre to allow them to be recycled easier. She has also used waste materials in some of the machine-knitted samples.”

Name: Kiera Morel
University: Norwich University of the Arts
Course: BA (Hons) Textile Design 


Edible, Dissolvable Noodle Pack by Holly Grounds

Edible, Dissolvable Noodle Pack by Holly Grounds

“The project reinvents the way ramen noodles are cooked and consumed at home while decreasing the environmental impact, by eliminating excessive single-use plastic. The dehydrated noodles are individually wrapped in an edible starch-based film, which dissolves in contact with boiling water.

“Flavourings and spices are set in the film and released when the film dissolves, eliminating the need for plastic sachets. The project aims to give consumers a sustainable option for convenience meals and has the opportunity to be developed further for a range of dehydrated ready meals.

“Sustainability was considered at every stage of the project. The biobased starch film is dissolvable and manufactured in an environmentally friendly way, by heating the natural ingredients and allowing the mixture to set in a mould to form the film. The outer paper packaging is recyclable.”

Name: Holly Grounds
University: Ravensbourne University of London
Course: BA (Hons) Product Design


Bulls**t Free Burger by Becky Ward

Bulls**t Free Burger by Becky Ward

“The product is called the Bulls**t Free Burger, a play on words as it would be beef free but also free from many of the additives and nasties found in plant-based competitor products.

“Becky created the branding and a 360-degree campaign strategy across billboard advertising, wrapped buses, collaboration with fast-food chains and sponsored posts on websites such as Amazon Fresh to reach audiences through a multitude of touchpoints. The brand was based around simplicity and standing out from other plant-based burger competitors.

“Traditionally plant-based meat alternatives are aimed at a vegan or vegetarian audience, Becky wanted to do something completely different and appeal to meat-eaters who were looking for plant-based swaps from time to time. The most unique part of her campaign was the collaboration with fast-food burger restaurant Shake Shack, a favourite amongst the chosen demographic.”

Name: Becky Ward
University: Brunel University
Course: BSc Digital Design, BSc Visual Effects and Motion Graphics


Cardboard Vase by Cathy Wolter

Cardboard Vase by Cathy Wolter

“While working and researching on metal casting and pewter, the fact of pewter being the fourth precious metal stood out. Once pewter was a common material, but it has been replaced by materials more responsive to mass production. However, mass production is destroying the environment, and we must find ways to reimagine our role as designers and makers.

“The inspiration for the Cardboard Vase design grew out of the desire to remove the distance between the client and the product. As facilities were restricted during the lockdown, Cathy developed the concept of pouring pewter straight into a cardboard mould to achieve a circle and a cradle-to-cradle principle.

“The Vase can be returned to the place where it was bought at any time and the value of the material be refunded. Pewter is known to have a value that fluctuates very little and can be seen as a small investment. The seller, in turn, can melt it again to produce a new product. It’s a win-win situation for the customer, manufacturer and for the environment.”

Name: Cathy Wolter
University: London Metropolitan University
Course: BA Furniture and Product Design


Virtual Design Festival’s student and schools initiative offers a simple and affordable platform for student and graduate groups to present their work during the coronavirus pandemic. Click here for more details.

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The "Reverse Parade:" A Creative Way to Hold Socially Distanced July 4th Celebrations

Like many towns across America, the town of Montgomery, Ohio (pop. 10,805) holds an annual Fourth of July parade–and following months of lockdown, residents are eager to attend. But with social distancing rules in effect, marching bands, people crammed onto floats and crowds of spectators are forbidden. What to do?

The parade’s organizers came up with a creative solution, according to Cincinnati Public Radio’s WVXU:

“This year Montgomery is having a reverse parade where the units are stationery and motorists drive through, says Julie Machon, as she stands in a driveway overlooking a large high school parking lot. Each of the 50 or so parade entrants will have their own space safely apart from each other, kind of like a big flea market, according to Machon, the city’s recreation director. Spectators, however, will stay in their cars and weave up and down the aisles.”

Reminds me of when Henry Ford reversed the incumbent system of building cars and invented the production line, sending the cars down a conveyor belt. Though in the case of Montgomery, the people on the conveyor belt won’t be…assembled. (Cue rim shot.)

Chimera surface tiles by Elena Salmistraro for Florim

Chimera surface tiles by Florim

VDF products fair: The decorative Chimera surface tile collection by Elena Salmistraro and Italian ceramics company Florim takes its cues from Greek mythology.

Developed by Salmistraro with Florim’s sub-brand CEDIT, the large ceramic surface tiles are a reference to the four-legged mythological hybrid creature Chimera, whose body is part lion, dragon and goat.

Like the beast, the Chimera collection is conceived as a “combination of different creatures”, featuring four different tile styles named Empatia, Radici, Ritmo and Colore that all have individual motifs and stories.

Empatia marries art deco references with graphics that evoke clown faces, and Colore tiles are distinguished by a speckled finish that resembles splashes of paint.

Radici and Ritmo both take their cues from textiles. While Radici evokes the textures of leather and tribal masks, Ritmo references the work of Bauhaus textile artists Gunta Stölzl and Anni Albers.

The tiles are all large format porcelain slabs, available in three sizes and in either a matte or shiny surface finish.

“This collection is an introspective work focusing on my life and the way I design,” explains the artist and designer Salmistrar. “Chimera is like a book with four different chapters: I set out to differentiate these graphic motifs to create four totally different stories,” she continued.

“The collaboration with CEDIT has been very stimulating; it was a wonderful challenge that allowed us, together, to create something new, experimental and fascinating.”

Product: Chimera
Designer: Elena Salmistraro
Brand: Florim

About VDF products fair: the VDF products fair offers an affordable launchpad for new products during Virtual Design Festival. For more details email vdf@dezeen.com.

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Eau de Space Perfume Replicates the Scent of Outer Space

Based upon the smell of outer space, recreated from various “natural flavors and ingredients for the food and beverage industry,” and verified by multiple astronauts (including space shuttle pilot Tony Antonelli, who described his experience of smelling space as “strong and unique” and “nothing like anything” he’d smelled on Earth), Eau de Space translates the cosmos into a perfume. Developed by chemist Steve Pearce, who was contracted by NASA to develop the scent in 2008 for astronaut-training exercises, the final formula took four years to perfect. Now, it’s on Kickstarter and has blown past its initial target. For only $29, the fragrance is available to anyone who wants to smell like “a mix of gunpowder, seared steak, raspberries and rum,” according to Eau de Space product manager Matt Richmond. The team plans to release the scent of the moon in the future, too. Read more at CNN.

Orville Peck: Smalltown Boy (Bronski Beat Cover)

Since its 1984 release, Bronski Beat’s seminal “Smalltown Boy” has remained an expression of hope and liberation from isolation and homophobia—and now masked cowboy Orville Peck has recorded a cover of the electro-pop anthem. Replacing the synth riff with a twangy one, and Jimmy Somerville’s soaring falsetto with his own booming, classically trained vocals, Peck transforms the classic (along with some steel guitar) while remaining just faithful enough.

This reusable face mask uses a pleated HEPA filter to let you breathe 99.9% clean air

Face Masks don’t work. More accurately they are only partially effective. It’s pretty simple how a mask works. You seal off your nose and mouth using either a cloth, plastic, or silicone mask, and allow air to only pass through via designated vents or zones. These vents or zones are covered with a special fabric filter that allows clean air to pass through, blocking anywhere from 70% to 99% of particulate matter from entering. In the case of cloth masks, the entire mask acts as a fabric filter, and with something that’s non-porous, like plastic or silicone, you’ve got air valves and smaller filters that can be detached, cleaned, or replaced. That’s the basic schematic of a mask, and a lot of designers and companies are looking to perfect it.

Most mask designs encounter the same roadblocks. Cloth masks are often too flimsy, and while they are easier to breathe through, they don’t create a proper seal around your face, allowing air to leak through the sides. Plastic and silicone masks, on the other hand, have the inverse problem. They come with an air-tight seal, but those small air-valves make it pretty difficult to breathe through after prolonged usage. The RespoLab was designed to eliminate the problems faced by both these mask-types, by combining their benefits. It comes with a plastic and silicone construction, ensuring a perfect fit around your face, but instead of opting for tiny air valves and small filters, the RespoLab’s design uses a special curved filter which has an area five times greater than a typical mask… making it much easier to breathe 99.9% filtered clean air through. Furthermore, due to its increased area it allows both inhalation and exhalation to be filtered, avoiding the spread of viruses from mask users who may be asymptomatic (not showing symptoms). A major short coming of masks with exhalation valves.

RespoLab’s innovation lies in its use of a pleated and curved H13 HEPA filter, that covers your entire mouth. It sort of looks like the pleated, zigzag cabin air filters you see inside cars and air-conditioning systems. In both those cases, the job is pretty simple… to constantly filter air while easily trapping all sorts of microparticles into its pleats/folds. The filter exceeds the N99 standards, trapping even the finest particulate matter including viruses, allergens, pollen, and bacteria to deliver 99.97% clean air to your nose and mouth. The mask comes with a modular, multi-part design featuring an external plastic cover made from recycled ABS, and an oronasal mask made from TPE/TPU that provides the perfect seal around your face in a way that feels comfortable. The RespoLab’s design is engineered to control the airflow so that the inside of your mask never gets hot or humid, and the presence of a large filter makes sure you’re never struggling to be heard. The geometry of the filter allows sound waves to propagate and transmit through the mask more readily, further improving usability.

The mask’s design is entirely modular and can be disassembled to either replace the HEPA filter or to sanitize the rest of the components. Each RespoLab comes with 3 extra replaceable pleated filters, allowing the mask to be worn for 120 hours before you need to buy a fresh set of filters. These are available in multipacks to allow ongoing regular mask use. Respolab’s masks come in a range of sizes across a variety of colors, and each unit even comes with its own mini-bag that lets you carry it around with you wherever you go… although given how comfortable and secure it is when worn, and how easy it is to breathe 99.9% clean air through, you probably won’t even need to take your mask off in the first place!

Designer: Response Laboratory

Click Here to Buy Now: $23 $31 ($8 Off). Hurry, less than 48 hours left! Raised over $70,000.

RespoLab – Valve-less Engineered Face Masks

The Respolab is a reusable face mask offering virus protection with 99.97% efficient filtration. It is certified to EN1827 FFP3 N99.

Comfortable airflow on both inhalation and exhalation through a unique pleated PM.03 filter. The mask is 100% recyclable and making their masks available for wholesale to healthcare workers around the globe.

The team at Respolab have worked tirelessly to bring to market a face mask that sits between the low cost disposable face masks and heavy duty respirators. They have developed a patented filter system capable of capturing nano particles and blocking virus transmission.

The Respolab mask has been co-developed by a group of industry leading companies to ensure its performance is as good as it can be. The focus has been on simplicity and quality to create a product that is easily manufactured and cost-effective for the end-user.

Features & Benefits

Replaceable Filter Cartridges

Innovative curved filter: HEPA style H13 material removes 99.97% of particles from air down to 0.3 microns. If you are wearing a mask for any period of time you are really going to notice the difference.

Filter Change & Maintenance

The graphic shows the inadequacies of some more common mask types, especially those with valves that allow the spread of viruses from asymptomatic users.

Sizes

The Respolab mask is available in a range of sizes. The mask has a soft sealing component, called an oronasal, This creates a comfortable seal to the face but it is important that the correct size is selected. A simple way to check this is to measure from the bridge of the nose to the understand of the chin, as shown in the image above.

Click Here to Buy Now: $19 $31 ($12 Off). Hurry, only 127/250 left.

The Design Evolution of the Air Conditioner, Part 1

If there’s any object that falls into the category of “No one wants this object, they want its benefits,” it’s the air conditioner. (At design school, an ID professor of mine remarked that “No one wants a toaster. What people want is toast,” and I feel that phrase is no longer true.)

Since its arrival into American homes in the 1930s, the wondrous invention seems to have received very little design attention. Perhaps that’s because the first air conditioners were for industrial, not residential or commercial, applications: Engineer Willis H. Carrier invented the first one in 1902 to “condition the air” in a Brooklyn printing plant, where humidity could ruin the paper.

“This 1902 schematic drawing shows the likely air-conditioning system installed at Sackett & Wilhelms, a Brooklyn, New York, lithographer desperate to find a solution to the humidity problems plaguing its printing processes.” —Carrier

Shrinking that machine down took a lot of competition and several decades. By the early 1930s, the De La Vergne Refrigeration Machinery Company was producing this 1,200-pound domestic air conditioner in a console form factor:

This was Carrier’s offering in the late 1930s:

These bulky, freestanding objects were meant to duct out of a nearby window, and whether by design or not, they were big enough that you could serve drinks off of them.

Here’s a better look at Carrier’s model:

Another competitor in the space was Kelvinator, and their 1937 unit looks similar:

If there was any design brief for any of these units, it might’ve been “Find a use for wood cut-offs.”

More progressive competitor Westinghouse moved away from the wood aesthetic, going with more of a Machine Age look:

With this Westinghouse model, I was able to find images revealing the rear duct that goes through the window. The text is virtually illegible, but at least you can see the form:

It’s a little more clear in the patent drawing:

The console units above could put out up to 24,000 BTUs, with the trade-off being their massive size. But not every company was convinced this was the way to go, and a competing form factor was to emerge.

Stay tuned for Part 2.

John Pomp designs hand-poured glass Tidal table to look like a puddle of water

Tidal Rectangular Cocktail Table by John Pomp

American artist John Pomp has created a coffee table with a glass top and chunky steel legs, designed to resemble a “suspended” body of water.

Pomp, who is based in Philadelphia, created the Tidal Rectangular Cocktail Table with a hand-poured crystal glass top with curved edges.

Tidal Rectangular Cocktail Table by John Pomp

The top rests on two L-shaped legs that also have rounded corners but are made of hand-forged steel.

Pomp said he referenced water and ocean tides when creating the design.

Tidal Rectangular Cocktail Table by John Pomp

“My passion for the ocean and its beautifully fluid nature is also found in my love for molten glass,” he told Dezeen, adding that he is an avid surfer.

“I was inspired by the relationship between the ocean and moon, and I wanted this piece to highlight the soft curves and flowing lines found in the ripples of an ocean tide,” he said. “It embodies a puddle of water suspended in a moment of time.”

Tidal Rectangular Cocktail Table by John Pomp

Creating the piece was a challenge for Pomp, and he and his team spent two years researching and developing the design. Kilns were custom made to create to finished product.

“We designed and engineered custom kilns and furnaces just to produce this unique piece of glass,” said Pomp.

“Creating this Tidal Collection has been a true labour of love.”

Tidal Rectangular Cocktail Table measures 60 inches (152 centimetres) long, 30 inches (76 centimetres) wide and 16.5 inches (42 centimetres) tall.

It is available in different glass finishes, with dark glazing called Smoke and a bright green glass version called Emerald. The metalwork can also come in brushed brass, brushed silver and brushed copper.

Pomp, who is trained in the Murano glass tradition, has been a glassblower for over 25 years. He and his wife Anne lead in a multidisciplinary studio in Philadelphia’s Fishtown neighbourhood with about forty craftsman and artists.

Other coffee table designs include a chunky stone piece by Martin Massé, steel tables by Australian studio BoardGrove Architects and Moooi terracotta tables by Simone Bonanni.

Photography is by Martin Crook.

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Eyra kitchen utensils by Eyra and Sebastian Conran Associates

Eyra kitchen utensils

VDF products fair: Eyra has collaborated with Sebastian Conran Associates to design a range of ergonomic kitchen utensils suited to people with limited wrist mobility.

Eyra utensils are aimed specifically at making cooking easier for older generations who the brand say “demand better design” without compromising on a contemporary aesthetic.

Each utensil’s handle is shaped and angled to cater for different grip positions, preventing its user from twisting their arms and wrists, and has a soft rubber finish that ensures the tool does not slip out of their hand.

This handle is teamed with glass-filled nylon heads, chosen by Eyra for being a strong, lightweight, durable and heat-resistant material.

“I started Eyra to make products for older people that work well and are delightful to own,” says Susan Costello, co-founder of Eyra.

“Eyra really understands and are empathetic to this situation,” added collaborator Sebastian Conran. “They’ve realised that getting old doesn’t mean you have to put up with second best.”

Product: Eyra kitchen utensils
Designer:
Sebastian Conran Associates
Brand:
Eyra

About VDF products fair: the VDF products fair offers an affordable launchpad for new products during Virtual Design Festival. For more details email vdf@dezeen.com.

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