The Science of the Snowflake

0snowflakes-001.jpg

“These were little plates of ice, very flat, very polished, very transparent, about the thickness of a sheet of rather thick paper… but so perfectly formed in hexagons, and of which the six sides were so straight, and the six angles so equal, that it is impossible for men to make anything so exact.”

The philosopher Rene Descartes made that observation when he attempted to catalogue snowflakes back in 1635, and wound up with a fairly thorough description of snowflake shapes, especially since all he had was the naked eye. See drawings above.

And we’ve experienced the same astonishment as Descartes when we wrote about platinum crystals. There is something about crystals that just looks too unreal.

0snowflakes-002.jpg

It needs to be around freezing for water vapor in clouds to form ice crystals and this is when they skip the raindrop phase altogether (although the warmest snow is pretty wet and is the best kind for snowballs.) When the temperature drops below freezing snowflakes become smaller and lighter, and feel more like powder.

But the key to a snowflake’s amazing shape is hexagonal symmetry. Ice crystallizes in a form that is scientifically known as Ice 1h, this means that its base shape is a hexagon, but the interesting part is that if you turn the crystal 60 degrees it maintains a hexagonal shape.

0snowflakes-003.jpg

(more…)

Production Methods: Metal Injection Molding (MIM)

0metalinjectionmolding001.jpg

At this point even laypeople, not just us industrial designers, have heard of injection molding; it’s how a lot of the plastic stuff we own is made. But few layfolk have heard of metal injection molding, and it’s only a minority of ID’ers who will get to work with the process because it’s so darn expensive.

Expensive, and cool. Metal injection molding can be used to create small, complex metal parts that would be too difficult to machine, and it affords higher tolerances than casting. It’s accurate enough to mold tiny threads, as you can see on the shaft of the arrowhead below:

(more…)

Core77 2013 Year in Review: Materials, Part 3: The New Stuff

C77YiR.jpg02013-materials3-007.jpgMore on BASF’s premium penny-farthing below…

Core77 2013 Year in Review: Top Ten Posts · Furniture, Pt. 1 · Furniture, Pt. 2
Digital Fabrication, Pt. 1 · Digital Fabrication, Pt. 2 · Digital Fabrication, Pt. 3 · Digital Fabrication, Pt. 4
Insights from the Core77 Questionnaire · Maker Culture: The Good, the Bad and the Future · Food & Drink
Materials, Pt. 1: Wood · Materials, Pt. 2: Creative Repurposing · Materials, Pt. 3: The New Stuff
True I.D. Stories · High-Tech Headlines

If industrial designers are unsung, materials scientists are even more unsung. You don’t know the name of the person who shaped the handle on your coffeepot, and you darn sure don’t know who invented the plastic it’s made out of.

02013-materials3-001.jpg

We don’t always know their names, but we know the fruits of their labor. So what stuff did the guys in white lab coats come up with that made the news this year? The hands-down Materials traffic winner was “Kinetic Sand,” which results from mixing regular sand with an ingredient from Silly Putty. If you haven’t already seen it, peep the video, be amazed.

02013-materials3-002.jpg

A material nearly as humble as sand, cement, also caught rec’ this year. Not regular cement of course, but the pollution-killing, smog-eating variety first developed by Italian manufacturer Italcementi. Once the magic ingredient of titanium oxide is added to the mix, everything from Roman churches to sidewalks in Chicago to Dutch roads do the environment a good turn—while remaining self-cleaning, as mere rainwater rinses them off.

2013YiR-Materials3-solidRain.jpg

Speaking of rainwater, it never seems to fall in a consistent schedule, which farmers know only too well. That’s why Mexican engineer Sergio Jesus Vaelasco created Solid Rain, which is essentially instant water. Vaelasco’s invention can let farmers dodge droughts, and make greenery possible in environments where it was not previously viable.

(more…)

The World’s Largest K’Nex Ball Machine Features Over 100,000 Pieces (And a Set of Very Sore Fingers, We’d Imagine)

Knex-Lead.jpg

There’s just something about seeing adult makers completely killing it design-wise with children’s toys. Previously, we watched an occupational therapist make herself a prosthetic leg from LEGOs, were amazed by the pop-up LEGO architecture coming from Japanese artist talapz and saw how one guy upgraded the T-shirt folding process with some K’Nex mechanics. Now, we’ve got another one to add to the list: the world’s biggest K’Nex ball machine.

Standing over 23 feet tall and made of more than 100,000 K’Nex pieces, it’s strikingly impressive and intimidating at the same time. Housed at The Works Museum in Bloomington, Minnesota, the tallest point of the machine is a 3.5-minute climb for the ball. K’nex fiend Austron (real name: Austin Granger) is responsible for this mechanical monstrosity.

Check out the teaser video for the finished product:

(more…)

Core77 2013 Year in Review: Materials, Part 2 – Using Old Materials in New Ways

C77YiR.jpg02013-materials2-002.jpgOver in Japan, we saw Michael Haefliger, Anish Kapoor and Arata Isozaki collaborate on creating the Ark Nova, an enormous, traveling, inflatable concert hall made of polyester.

Core77 2013 Year in Review: Top Ten Posts · Furniture, Pt. 1 · Furniture, Pt. 2
Digital Fabrication, Pt. 1 · Digital Fabrication, Pt. 2 · Digital Fabrication, Pt. 3 · Digital Fabrication, Pt. 4
Insights from the Core77 Questionnaire · Maker Culture: The Good, the Bad and the Future · Food & Drink
Materials, Pt. 1: Wood · Materials, Pt. 2: Creative Repurposing · Materials, Pt. 3: The New Stuff
True I.D. Stories · High-Tech Headlines

02013-materials2-001.gif

In 2013 we saw plenty of examples of old, common materials being used in new, exciting ways. For starters, metalworking artist Anthony Howe’s Real World Screensavers caused quite a stir.

2013YiR-Materials2-paperCars.jpg

We were also treated to these videos of three different artists—Taras Lesko, Dimi and Jonathan Brand—creating amazing renditions of cars out of paper.

02013-materials2-006.jpg

Using something close to paper—Tyvek—RCA student Jule Waibel created an impressive line of collapsible/expandable goods inspired by Mary Poppins’ magical bag.

(more…)

Core77 2013 Year in Review: Materials, Part 1 – This Year in Wood

C77YiR.jpg02013-wood-001.jpg

Core77 2013 Year in Review: Top Ten Posts · Furniture, Pt. 1 · Furniture, Pt. 2
Digital Fabrication, Pt. 1 · Digital Fabrication, Pt. 2 · Digital Fabrication, Pt. 3 · Digital Fabrication, Pt. 4
Insights from the Core77 Questionnaire · Maker Culture: The Good, the Bad and the Future · Food & Drink
Materials, Pt. 1: Wood · Materials, Pt. 2: Creative Repurposing · Materials, Pt. 3: The New Stuff
True I.D. Stories · High-Tech Headlines

Is it any surprise that one of the oldest materials known to man—humble wood—was responsible for some of our highest-trafficked posts this year? Everyone from caveman industrial designers to modern-day architects to students love working the stuff.

02013-wood-002.jpg

This year we saw MTH Woodworks blending it with resin to create some eye-popping furniture pieces.

02013-wood-003.jpg

Japanese architect Kiyoshi Kasai figured out how to design wooden structures in an open-plan, yet seismically-resistant way.

02013-wood-004.jpg

We learned that the ancient species of wood known as Lignum Vitae is so bad-ass, they use it to make shaft bearings for nuclear submarines!

(more…)

There’s a Very Good Reason Why This iPhone Dock is Made Out of Concrete

0hrdwork-massive-dock-001.jpg

I hate lifting a coffee cup and finding the coaster has stuck to the bottom of it. It’s minor and merely annoying, yes, but on some level that’s a design fail. Similarly, I find it absurd that I have to use two hands to de-dock my iPhone, to prevent the dock from coming up off the table with the phone.

That’s why this next product sounds crazy but actually makes sense, or at least highlights the central flaw in the iPhone dock’s design. Hanover-based Mac accessories manufacturer Hardwrk’s Massive Dock is made out of concrete.

0hrdwork-massive-dock-002.jpg

0hrdwork-massive-dock-003.jpg

(more…)

Cooper Union Students Re-Think the Cardboard Box with Their Rapid Packing Container

0rapidpackingcontainer-001.jpg

While we looked at Better Packages, Inc.’s cool automatic tape-dispensing machine, a pair of Cooper Union engineering students are hoping to get rid of packing tape almost entirely—by redesigning the box. Henry Wang and Chris Curro have developed the Rapid Packing Container, a re-think of the cardboard box that aims to make it easier to open, easier to seal, and easier to re-use. Have a look:

(more…)

Things That Are Made of Other Things: Zippo Gasolier

Zippo-Lead.jpg

While it might not be in time for this year’s festivities, but it’s definitely a contender as next year’s centerpiece. A candelabra this ornate can hold its own on a table year-round, so don’t even bother waiting until the next holiday season. Luka Pirnat, a Slovenia-based industrial designer, has taken the classic Zippo silhouette and incorporated it into a bold metal menorah.

Zippo-Base.jpg

It comes off a bit steam-punkish (and would look right at home at similarly themed coffee joint Truth Coffee), but the gold and silver accents throughout give off quite a bit of “eye candy” appeal that would mix into any home without much effort. But it’s the idea of it that’s more intriguing that it’s decor potential.

(more…)

The Curvomatic System for Creating Bentwood Shapes

CurvomaticAnimation-BW.gif

Making bent plywood forms is an involved business, even not accounting for the steaming. Industrial practitioners have expensive hydraulic presses, whereas shops making one-offs or limited runs have to construct both male and female purpose-built forms; and the more complicated the final shape, the crazier the clamping process gets.

British company Curvomatic seeks to make bentwood creation easier with its titular product. A series of identical metal extrusions are fitting together into a sort of snakelike fence, in most cases taking the place of the topmost form. The idea behind the multi-pronged solution is to provide even pressure, simplify clamping—in some cases band clamps can be used rather than bar clamps—and save material, for applications where the Curvomatic can supplant the second, concave form.

It also allows you to create curved shapes with undercuts, which would require at least three forms to achieve using conventional methods. Check out the video to see it in action:

(more…)