Architect Carles Enrich converted an old laundry space in Barcelona into an apartment that has a bookshelf merged with the staircase (+ slideshow).
Carles Enrich slotted three levels into the single-storey space to turn the dilapidated basement into a studio apartment for a young family, located in the Gràcia neighbourhood of the Catalan capital.
“[The project] is a fantastic opportunity to rethink the use of an unused place and optimise the conditions of the space,” said Enrich.
To create enough floor area, the south west portion of the long narrow plot was excavated to form a study and nursery.
Above this, a raised bedroom is supported on rows of black I-beams fixed to the wall on one side.
The other ends connect to vertical sections along the edge of the mezzanine, housing bookshelves in between that create low partitions.
The tops of the columns attach to more horizontal beams bolted to the opposite wall, high enough for people to walk underneath.
Steps up to the bedroom are suspended from the last two beams using thinner black metal elements. On the ground floor is the dining, kitchen and seating area.
A pergola-covered courtyard sits between this main building and a smaller single-storey volume containing more living space, with a terrace on its roof.
This outdoor living area can be seen from all spaces apart from the enclosed bathroom.
Original masonry walls and the small ceramic ceiling vaults between wooden beams were retained and exposed where possible. Brick and plasterwork have been painted white on most other walls.
The floor of the middle level is finished in a layer of polished concrete screed, while furniture and flooring downstairs are made from light wood.
Refurbishment of a studio-apartment in Gracia, Barcelona
The reconversion of an old laundry in the Gracia neighbourhood in a studio-apartment for a young family is a fantastic opportunity to rethink the use of an unused place and optimise the conditions of the space.
We propose to live in an open space, with the exception of the bathroom that is the only enclosed room. All the activities take place in a single space with visual contact of the interior patio. To achieve this, all the partitions that surrounded small rooms without natural light or ventilation where eliminated and the openings to the patio were extended.
The lower excavation enables the incorporation of a loft made of metallic beams and a three-centimetre wood board, which works as an independent living area inside another bigger area, without being never enclosed room. This small loft is meant more like a suspended furniture than a room.
An old storage room at the back of the plot is converted into a satellite studio that operates independently from the main space. This fragmentation of the program makes the patio an intermediate space that can be used as an outdoor room most part of the year.
A pergola made of metal beams and a cane network provides privacy and climate control. The progressive growth of plants and trees generate a natural environment within the dense urban area.
Original floor tiles were relocated to highlight seating areas during designer Laura Bonell Mas’ renovation of this Barcelona apartment (+ interview).
Local designer Laura Bonell Mas completely refurbished the 100-square-metre apartment, located among the grid of buildings in the city’s Eixample district.
She uncovered patterned tiles beneath newer ceramics and reused them throughout the property as they were in good condition.
“All the hydraulic tiles in the apartment were there from the beginning,” Bonell Mas told Dezeen. “Most of them had been covered by a brown ceramic flooring for years, which probably explains why they were in a relatively good state.”
Some of the tiles were kept in their original location, while others were relaid in other spaces to denote seating areas at angles to the walls.
“We put back the tiles in the living room and dining room as they were before, and then we used the ones that had originally been in the corridor and entrance of the apartment for the carpets and paths,” said the designer.
Wooden boards frame the tiled areas and cover the remainder of the floor, except for large black tiles used in the kitchen and bathroom. Ceiling mouldings on the suspended ceilings were also restored where possible, along with the balcony doors.
The rooms by the entrance were reorganised and partition walls removed to make the flat more open-plan. A walk-in cupboard was installed between the bedroom and hall to keep clutter hidden away.
As the front door and hallway are positioned at an angle to the rest of the apartment, a curved shelving unit and desk were installed to remedy the awkward junctions.
After noticing a few apartments in the Catalan capital that feature decorative tiles, we published a slideshow and roundup of our favourites. “Lately their popularity has gone up and when doing a renovation, finding beautiful pieces in a good state is almost like finding little jewels,” Bonell Mas said.
Here’s our short interview with the designer about the history of tiles in Barcelona:
Dan Howarth: Did you move tiles from elsewhere in the apartment, or were they bought new to match the existing?
Laura Bonell Mas: All the hydraulic tiles in the apartment were there from the beginning, we didn’t have to buy any new ones.
Most of them had been covered by a brown ceramic flooring for years, which probably explains why they were in a relatively good state.
Nevertheless, we had to take them all out in order to reinforce the floor with a thin layer of concrete, as it is an old building, and the floors had some problems – some unlevelled parts and sound isolation in general.
So we put back the tiles in the living room and dining room as they were before, and then we used the ones that had originally been in the corridor and entrance of the apartment for the carpets and paths. In the rest of the rooms, the tiles were not very beautiful – maybe they had already been changed before.
Dan Howarth: Why were patterned tiles used in Barcelona apartments historically?
Laura Bonell Mas: Initially, these tiles were created as an alternative to natural stone for floorings. The fact that they didn’t have to be baked like ceramic tiling probably had an impact in their development.
Despite the fact that they were used in other Mediterranean areas, the hydraulic tiles seems to be found more often in Barcelona and the rest of Catalonia, and that is probably due to the art nouveau movement of Gaudí, Domènech i Montaner, Puig i Cadafalch, etc. In their search for a new architecture, decoration played an important part and hydraulic tiling was very versatile in terms of geometries and colours.
Their use went far beyond the age of modernism though, probably because the industry was already quite advanced by then. It has to be said that the more colours a piece has, the more expensive it is because it takes more time to do it. For instance, you can see that the flooring in the living room and the dining room is more noble or was at least more expensive than the ones in the corridor, which only have three colours and its geometry is far more simple.
Dan Howarth: Why are they still implemented today?
Laura Bonell Mas: Around the 1960s their implementation decreased and most of the factories that produced the pieces do not exist anymore.
But lately their popularity has gone up and when doing a renovation, finding beautiful pieces in a good state is almost like finding little jewels. New ones can also be used, even though they are quite expensive, but they don’t look exactly the same. They don’t look aged and the colours are much brighter. Also, because the colour has a four to five millimetre thickness, unlike painted ceramics, you can polish and lower them a little so that they have an even surface.
Dan Howarth: How do the tiles affect the atmosphere of a space?
Laura Bonell Mas: I think this kind of tiling affects the atmosphere in many ways. They always add colour, so using relatively neutral furniture and walls you still get a joyful result.
Their cold materiality is also important to note. We decided to combine the tiling with wooden floors, especially in the parts of the house that have little natural light, or none at all, to add some warmth. I think, as a result, the atmosphere you get in the bedroom or the study is completely different to that of the living room.
But mainly, I think this kind of flooring gives an aged kind of feeling. It seeks to maintain the old character of this kind of building but with a twist. The combination of old and new gives an interesting atmosphere to the space, and by recycling some of the existing materials, it also allowed us to reduce the expense in new ones.
Read on for Bonell Mas’ project description:
Renovation of an apartment in Barcelona
The project consists in the complete refurbishment of an apartment of about 100m2, in the Eixample area of Barcelona.
The geometry of its original plan layout responded to the building typology of the Eixample, with load-bearing walls parallel to the façade and the distribution of the rooms to each side of a long corridor. At the same time, though, it was partially determined by the fact that it is a corner building, which means that the entrance space is rotated 45º relative to the rest of the apartment.
Scheme isometric
The main strategy of the project was to enhance these different geometries to allow visual continuity and greater amplitude of space, by defragmenting the excessive compartmentalisation.
Partition walls were removed (bearing walls were not modified in any case) and the bathrooms and the kitchen were redistributed around one of the inner courtyards, so that the spaces or rooms are concatenated and the idea of a long corridor is destroyed. The needs of the client and future user, who would be living alone or with a couple, influenced decision making: less rooms, and bigger.
The presence of the original building components was especially important to preserve the atmosphere of an Eixample apartment. The suspended ceiling, with its existing cornices, was kept where possible, and the wooden balcony doors were restored. The windows that had to be changed and the interior doors that had no use anymore were recycled into the enclosures of a new piece of furniture.
The hydraulic tile floor, which had been covered for years with another ceramic pavement, was recovered and reattached following new guidelines: it is maintained as it was in the living room and dining room, while in the rest of the apartment it is combined with an oak parquet flooring, with the intention to create “carpets” that point out some of the liveable areas and suggest paths.
This old materiality is complemented with some made to measure furniture, which shows autonomy from the original structure with its curved shapes and directs the user through the space. These are various tables made with recycled teak wood and a big piece of furniture situated at the entrance of the apartment, and which has a double function of bookshelves and coat wardrobe on the outer side and closet for the master bedroom in the inner side. Its height emphasises the will of a fluid space as it doesn’t reach the ceiling, which allows the visual continuity of the structure of ceramic vaults and wooden beams, which in this part of the apartment was left uncovered.
Spanish firm External Reference has converted a taxi garage in Barcelona into a home and studio for an art director with a wire framework for showcasing objects and a bed concealed inside an island seating area (+ slideshow).
The converted warehouse was designed by External Reference for art director Chu Uroz, who wanted a home where he could also hold meetings, fashion shows, castings and photography shoots. “The space becomes a kind of inhabited scenery where public and private interact with few apparent limits,” said the architects.
The living area is an open-plan space located on the first-floor mezzanine. It features a white panelled floor broken up into zig-zagging contours, which appear to flow over a series of angular seating units.
The largest of the two sofas conceals a bed, which can pulled out or hidden away as required, as well as storage areas for magazines and portfolios. This allows the room to be used as a bedroom, a living area, or as a space for castings and fashion shows.
A kitchen, bathroom and walk-in wardrobe are located along one side and can be concealed behind a series of sliding doors.
The staircase linking the mezzanine with the ground floor is fronted by white metal-frame structure, used by the resident to exhibit different objects and design collections.
The ground floor accommodates a large open space for photography shoots. There’s also an office and meeting area tucked beneath the mezzanine.
External Reference are an architectural design firm based in Barcelona, Spain, founded by Nacho Toribio and Carmelo Zappulla.
Here’s more information from External Reference Architects:
Joan D’Austria, Barcelona
Domestic space affects the user very personally and has been discussed extensively over the history of architecture. At present new lifestyles, new families and more flexible professional routines, have favoured the emergence of a unique user profile, one that is complex and involves having a clear understanding on personal needs.
This is the case of the inhabitant of this residential and work space: an industrial designer, active art director and one who is very involved in the world of fashion, advertising and performing arts.
Our user raised the idea of devoting a warehouse to hold a photoshoot studio, office space, meeting room, space for auditions, castings, fashion shows and a home. Therefore, creating a space that one would be able to live, work and play in.
Due to this the project acquired exceptional guidelines. The spirit of all design decisions were based on giving shape and structure to a domestic space, that seeks to be understood mainly, as a space to share. In this sense, the social, outgoing and energetic personality of the user is reflected in the project. The space becomes a kind of inhabited scenery where public and private interact with few apparent limits.
The project exists over two floors, the ground floor and the mezzanine area.
GROUND FLOOR: On the entrance level there is a large space for photoshoots to take place in. The ground floor also includes the users work space, which incorporates a meeting area that sits below the living space in the loft.
FIRST FLOOR: The mezzanine holds a large liveable space in which domestic programs hybridise with common spaces. The kitchen, bathroom and walk-in wardrobe areas are positioned on the side of the space, creating a service area which can be covered by sliding doors when necessary. The central space is occupied by a group of island-sofas, the larger island-sofa acts as an object that conceals the sliding bed, which slides in and out as the user needs. This space can also be used as a casting and catwalk area.
As a link between the two levels, we integrated a light and large structure made of steel within the project; it serves as a display area for the user’s collection of pop and kitsch objects.
OSB white painted panels, metal rods, polycarbonate and black painted bricks are the main materials used in the project. Every element of the design was hand-crafted; no CNC cutting machines were used for making any part of the refurbishment.
The original building, a taxi garage, offers a powerful industrial spirit, which serves as a reference for the project and its future evolution. All in all, the functional program, the reduced budget and the client ambitions leads to low cost systems but to eloquent dramatic effects.
Original taxi garage
Project: Joan d’Austria, Barcelona Architects: External Reference Architects Design architects: Nacho Toribio and Carmelo Zappulla Team: Poppy Boadle, Nimi Gabrie, Daniel Rodriguez, Elsa Rodriguez, Katinka Szodenyi Building contractor: Crafts Art Labor Client: Chu Uroz Area: studio 400 m2; apartment 80 m2 Constructor: Laboor Crafts and Arts
When viewing adult entertainment through rose-tinted glasses, the longstanding joke about “gentlemen’s magazines” is that the pictures are nice, but one subscribes for the articles. While we all know this is hardly the case with most newsstand nudie mags, the recently published Continue Reading…
Dezeen archive: here’s a roundup of some of the most beautiful Barcelona apartments we’ve featured with decorative geometric floor tiles (+ slideshow).
The most recent story from the Catalan capital to include ornate tile work is an apartment laid with triangular floor tiles that gradually change colour from green to red.
This house outside Barcelona by Spanish studio MDBA features a glazed living room that thrusts out towards the descending landscape (+ slideshow).
The three-storey family house is constructed over the edge of a hillside in the town of Sant Cugat del Vallès. Maria Diaz of MDBA wanted to take advantage of the panoramic views, so she designed an L-shaped residence that extends outwards at the rear.
Floor-to-ceiling glazing surrounds each rear elevation, plus a balcony stretches out beside the living room and kitchen.
In contrast, the front of the house has a white-rendered facade with square windows and a wooden front door.
“The form and the position of the house is a response to the shape and aspect of the plot, closed on the street side and open to the city landscape,” says the studio.
Steel I-beams support the weight of the projecting living room and extend up through the floors. A hillside patio is located underneath, while a terrace sits over the roof.
The house’s staircase is positioned next to the entrance, leading to three bedrooms on the top floor and a garage downstairs.
The form and the position of the house is a response to the shape and aspect of the plot, closed on the street side and open to the city landscape. Each level has its own relationship with the external space.
Vertical communication is a backbone that connects spaces on either side, it is closed at the entrance and it opens itself to the landscape in the upper floor.
Windows on the street define the landscape inside wall massivity and towards interior garden, the house opens itself looking to the city, massivity disappears and prevails the volume that looks for the landscape.
Triangular floor tiles gradually change colour from green to red inside this renovated Barcelona apartment by London studio David Kohn Architects.
Located in the city’s Gothic Quarter, the apartment is owned by two brothers that currently live in London and Hong Kong. The pair asked David Kohn Architects to design them a holiday home in the city they grew up in.
The architects began by stripping away most of the apartment’s internal partitions, creating an open-plan living space that makes the most of the large windows, high ceilings and ornate mouldings.
The new decorative floor tiles – made up of 25 different designs – offer a splash of colour to the space. Their gradual change in tone loosely defines the realms of each occupant, with the green tiles surrounding a stack of two bedrooms and the red tiles framing a kitchen with a bedroom above.
Indoor balconies form a corridor between the two first-floor bedrooms and their en suite bathrooms, but also creates the bookshelves for an informal library.
A custom-made table is positioned at the apex of the plan, providing a large family dining area at the spot where the green and red tiles are most mixed.
Here’s a project description from David Kohn Architects:
Carrer Avinyo, Barcelona
Refurbishment of a piano nobile apartment on Carrer Avinyó in the Gothic Quarter of Barcelona. The apartment is situated at a major crossroads in the city. Like the Flatiron Building in New York, where Broadway meets the city’s orthogonal grid, the triangular plan of the apartment’s interior registers a similar moment in Barcelona’s historic quarter; Plaça George Orwell. Our first intervention is to strip back the internal partitions to reveal the junction and so reconnect living in the apartment to the streets beyond.
The apartment will be the holiday home of two brothers who grew up in Barcelona but now live in London and Hong Kong. New bedrooms are created inside large pieces of furniture that have the appearance of small buildings – the city beyond the apartment walls is mirrored by a diminutive city within. The high-level library becomes balconies that connect each bedroom to their en-suite bathrooms. Beneath a balcony a glazed lobby provides a threshold between the apartment and the city.
First floor plan
The new mosaic floor of the apartment is decorated with a triangular pattern that matches the geometry of the plan. The tile pattern is graded in colour from green at one end of the apartment to red at the other to differentiate the brothers’ private spaces. The tiles were being made by Mosaics Martí who supplied the product for Gaudi’s projects in the city. A large, specially designed dining table stands at the street corner where the red and green are most mixed and will become the meeting place for family and friends.
Site plan
Project Name: Carrer Avinyó Architect: David Kohn Architects Executive Architect: Ángel Martín Cojo Arquitecto Structural Engineer: Area 5 Client: Private
A staircase doubles up as a bookcase inside this renovated apartment in Barcelona by Croatian architect Eva Cotman (+ slideshow).
Eva Cotman, who is based in Barcelona, re-planned the interior to accommodate a young couple, who requested a more open-plan layout.
“The project objective is to try to maximise the functionality of the space,” said Cotman, “but at the same time to not lose the identity of the neighbourhood and materiality of the existing building.”
The architect began by removing all non-loadbearing walls to create a large living and dining room along one side of the space, then added a new bedroom, bathroom and walk-in wardrobe at the back.
An old suspended ceiling was removed and then every surface was painted white – including the exposed brick walls and timber ceiling joists – to create a blank canvas for the new occupants.
The combined staircase and bookshelf is at the centre of the plan and leads up a new mezzanine guest room and storage area. This staircase also functions as an informal seating area.
For lighting, the architect used bright red cables to string bulbs around the ceiling joists.
This project sets out to alter and improve an apartment situated in Raval, the Ciutat Vella district of Barcelona. An area used to be known for its nightlife as well as the insecurity, El Raval has changed significantly in recent years, and has become one of the touristic attractions in the centre of the city. Today it is home to many bars, restaurants, museums and art galleries, making it a popular neighbourhood among young professionals and students alike.
The clients are a young couple with a very active social life, enjoying fully all the cultural activities that Raval offers. In defining the new use of space, in accordance with the client’s needs, much attention has been given to maximise the entering of daylight and the visual interrelationships between the different parts of the house, each with its own identity. The aim was to give the occupant various possibilities to move from one space to another, to create diversity inside the apartment as well as to enable the clients to enjoy the diversity of the neighbourhood where they live.
The project objective is to try to maximise the functionality of the space for the new and contemporary use by the owner, but at the same time not to lose the identity of the neighbourhood and materiality of the existing building. The economic aspect was an important part of the project – it had to be a low-cost project done in a relatively short-time execution.
The apartment was previously ‘cleaned’: the walls were cleaned from cast, the cast ceiling was removed and all non-loadbearing walls were removed. The apartment wooden ceilings, as well as brick walls, are painted white to be a blank base for the activities of its future occupants.
The heart of the house is around the library, which separates the dining room from the built-in closet and, at the same time, joins the kitchen, dining room and the living room; it is an all-in-one element: staircase, bookshelf, closet and bench. The staircase leads to the small gallery located on the top of the closet, and is a space with a guest bed. This gallery also helps to access the storage, which is located above the kitchen and the entrance area. It is a compact apartment with multifunctional elements to provide flexibility and adaptability to different needs, in other words, a ‘mini-space’ with a ‘maxi-functionality’.
Barcelona-based designer Ryan Frank has invented a modular hanging system called Grapple. The molded hooks have a buckle feature which allows them to be set at different heights along strands of webbing and hold items of…
Colourful strings are threaded around looms to envelop this Barcelona restaurant headed by Catalan chef Ferran Adrià (+ slideshow).
Local studio El Equipo Creativo reinterpreted traditional wooden Peruvian cloth-weaving equipment to create angled panels from thick threads stretched across wooden frames. Some of the frames are twined with white cords to contrast with the colourful sections.
The panels pass over the heads of diners who are served a fusion of Peruvian and Japanese cuisine at Patka, which means “union” in Peru.
A grid of wooden batons creates shelves above a bar at the front of the space, which serves sake and pisco – local tipples in Japan and Peru respectively.
This grid sits against the window at the front of the long narrow building, allowing bottles and crockery to be displayed.
In the main restaurant, a sushi bar separated into chunky units is surrounded by wooden dining surfaces lit with spotlights, while light bulbs dangle above more tables flanked by red seats.
Located just off the Avinguda Parallel, close to Montjuic Park, the restaurant opened as joint venture between chefs Ferran Adrià and his brother Albert, and owners the Iglesias brothers.
El Equipo Creativo sent us the following information:
Design of Pakta Restaurant, Calle Lleida, Barcelona
After the success of the restaurant Tickets and the cocktail lounge 41º, the tandem formed by Albert and Ferran Adria and the Iglesias bothers has once again counted on El Equipo Creativo to design their latest gastronomic project: Pakta Restaurant. A small locale was chosen in the same area close to the Avenida Paralelo in Barcelona, on the slope going up towards the Mercat de la Flors and Montjuic Park. The novelty is in the gastronomic offer, based on the nikkei Peruvian – Japanese cuisine and, of course, the design of the space, which, as in previous projects by Oliver Franz Schmidt and Natali Canas del Pozo, is a reflection of the gastronomic concept.
Concept
In the Quechua language of Peru Pakta means “union”; in this case the union of two cultures and their respective cuisines . The interior design created by El Equipo Creativo emerges from this same idea, considering that Japanese cuisine is the basis of the nikkei gastronomy but wrapped in Peruvian tastes, colours, traditions and ingredients. With this in mind, the basic elements of the restaurant such as the bars, the kitchen and the furniture are designed with a clear reference to the architecture of the traditional Japanese taverns. An explosion of colours evocative of Peru envelopes the space. This chromatic “second skin” is achieved by use of a direct reference to the Peruvian loom, offering a surprising combination of colours which contrast with the austere Japanese design, and underlining the deep-rootedness of this artefact in Peruvian arts and crafts.
However, the re-interpretation of the Peruvian loom goes further, sequencing its own elaboration process on the walls of Pakta, transforming this flat surface to offer a tridimensional character to the space, adding vitality and movement and blurring the limits which mark the locale. The traditional Peruvian weaving looms are wooden mechanisms where colored threads intertwine in various directions, forming a suggestive tridimensional space which generates an attractive atmosphere transformed and reinterpreted in Pakta. The final result unites the re-interpretation of these two cultures–Peruvian and Japanese– by means of some of their most emblematic traditional elements, creating a visually potent but balanced solution, at once spontaneous and rational, hilarious and silent, surprising but strangely familiar, as is the nikkei cuisine itself.
As the small locale is long and narrow with a tiny facade, from the beginning of the project it is clear that maximum advantage must be taken of the space. The work areas are divided into three zones:
In the entrance, the sake and pisco bar also acts as a filter between the interior and exterior of the locale. It is a three dimensional framework which serves as a shelf, visual filter and product display stand. Facing outside, the bar becomes the facade and welcomes guests with a composition of faded colours, Japanese lamps, graphics elements and a small selection of products on display. In order to enter the restaurant, the guest passes through the wooden framework, as an introduction to the dining space.
Presiding the dining area is the sushi bar. Structurally speaking, it is completely antagonistic to the sake and pisco bar as it is composed of three heavy, luminous stone pieces, upon which the sushimen work slowly but surely serving directly to the clients who sit around them. The idea of dividing the bar into three separate and elevated “stones” helps to contain the reduced scale of the locale and create a sense of strange levity among the heavy pieces.
Closing the space at the end of the dining area is the kitchen, conceived as a luminous box which allows the cooks inside to be observed through a layer of glass panels with different degrees of transparency.
The lighting is achieved in collaboration with the BMLD Lighting Design. The main objective is to create an atmosphere which will put the focus on the served dish and the food. The cultural impact of the Peruvian – Japanese restaurant is what determines the lighting concept: fusion of light and dark, simplicity and colour.
The concept is evident by using dim light in some of the looms, thereby creating rhythm and dynamism. It is a game of rationalism, shine and transparency, important concepts in the Japanese culture, as reflected in the sensual lamps on each table and the lanterns which mingle with the three dimensional framework at the entrance. The result reveals a balance between light and atmosphere, where the client is submerged in a new gastronomic experience.
The Looms
The looms envelope the entire dining area by means of three different transversal sections which repeat themselves, varying their tonality and creating a rhythm of variable colour. A few longitudinal pieces placed in different positions and at varying heights help to weave the space and create a sense of enclosure.
The colored looms are designed one by one, intercalating full spaces and empty ones, areas of great chromatic intensity with other more neutral shades, warm colores (reds, golds) with cooler tones (greens and browns). The cloth used on the looms is cotton of hand-made appearance, rough touch and dull finish. In contrast to the profusion of colour, the loom is white and is constructed in a fine, shiny material, thereby becoming a light-reflector.
The structure of the looms is a double wooden frame. The woven cloth revolves around the interior frame, which is joined to the exterior frame by a tensor which permits the threads on the loom to be tensed whenever necessary.
The Finishes
For Pakta, El Equipo Creativo considered it essential to maintain the purity of nature so present in both the Japanese and Peruvian cultures. Therefore, only natural finishes with a minimal transformation from their original state were used.
The wood used in the bars and tables is American oak in which small imperfections and knots are left untouched converting them in differentiating elements which add personality to the pieces. Likewise, the sushi bars built in marble from Novelda, intentionally have a crude, unpolished finish with cracks and streaks that are reminiscent of those pieces taken from a quarry.
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