“Every kind of architectural definition has an in-between space” – Sou Fujimoto

Dezeen and MINI World Tour: in this movie Japanese architect Sou Fujimoto discusses his philosophy of designing structures that are “in between” opposing concepts such as nature and architecture, and says the approach could work just as well on a skyscraper as a small private house.

Sou Fujimoto
Sou Fujimoto. Copyright: Dezeen

“Nature and architecture are fundamental themes [of my work],” says Fujimoto, speaking to Dezeen after giving his keynote speech at this year’s World Architecture Festival.

“I like to find something in between. Not only nature and architecture but also inside and outside. Every kind of definition has an in-between space. Especially if the definitions are two opposites, then the in-between space is more rich.”

Serpentine Gallery Pavilion in London by Sou Fujimoto
Serpentine Gallery Pavilion in London by Sou Fujimoto. Copyright: Dezeen

Fujimoto gives his recently completed Serpentine Gallery Pavilion in London as an example of his philosophy, in which he used a series of geometric lattices to create a cloud-like structure.

Serpentine Gallery Pavilion in London by Sou Fujimoto
Serpentine Gallery Pavilion in London by Sou Fujimoto. Copyright: Dezeen

“In various meanings it is in between things,” he says of the project. “It’s made by a grid, but the shape is very soft and complex. The experience is half nature and half super-artificial.”

Final Wooden House in Kumamoto, Japan, by Sou Fujimoto
Final Wooden House in Kumamoto, Japan, by Sou Fujimoto. Photograph by Edmund Sumner

Fujimoto then goes on to discuss Final Wooden House in Japan, in which chunky timber beams form the walls, floors and roof of the house, as well as the furniture and stairs inside.

Final Wooden House in Kumamoto, Japan, by Sou Fujimoto
Final Wooden House in Kumamoto, Japan, by Sou Fujimoto. Photograph by Edmund Sumner

“It’s a beautiful integration of the architectural elements in various different levels,” says Fujimoto. “The wooden blocks could be the floor or the furniture or the walls, so in that house every definition is melding together.”

House NA in Tokyo by Sou Fujimoto
House NA in Tokyo by Sou Fujimoto. Photograph by Iwan Baan

Finally, Fujimoto discusses House NA in Tokyo, which consists of several staggered platforms and hardly has any walls.

“It is not like a house but more like a soft territory, something beyond a house,” he says. “The client is a young couple and they are really enjoying their life in that house.”

House NA in Tokyo by Sou Fujimoto
House NA in Tokyo by Sou Fujimoto. Photograph by Iwan Baan

Fujimoto believes his approach can be scaled up to larger projects

“The concept of creating something in-between is not only for the smaller scale,” he says. “I think it could be developed more, for example [up to] skyscraper scale.”

“The high-rise building and landscaping are opposite, but maybe it could be a nice challenge to find something between skyscrapers and landscaping. I like to expand my way of thinking to explore pioneering or hidden places in the architectural field.”

Dezeen's MINI Paceman in Singapore
Our MINI Paceman in Singapore. Copyright Dezeen

We drove around Singapore in our MINI Cooper S Paceman. The music in the movie is a track called Itsu by Man Oeuvre.

You can listen to more music by Man Oeuvre on Dezeen Music Project and watch more of our Dezeen and MINI World Tour movies here.

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has an in-between space” – Sou Fujimoto
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“Singapore has balanced the need for density with providing public space”

Dezeen and MINI World Tour: Colin Seah of Ministry of Design shows us examples of how Singapore is responding to the challenge of housing a growing population without sacrificing its green spaces in our second movie from the city.

Colin Seah of Ministry of Design, Singapore
Colin Seah of Singapore studio Ministry of Design

“It has been a perennial issue,” says Seah. “How do you house five to seven million people on an island that would fit into Lake Geneva?”

“The government could have just said: ‘let’s not control it, let’s have sprawl and have more people living in houses’. But the strategy instead was to protect public spaces and green areas.”

The Pinnacle@Duxton by Arc Studio, Singapore
The Pinnacle@Duxton, Singapore, by Arc Studio

Seah takes us to three of his favourite architectural projects around the city, which each tackle the challenge in different ways.

The first is The Pinnacle@Duxton by Singapore architects Arc Studio, a vast public housing complex comprising seven 50-storey tower blocks connected by large bridges and a sky garden at the top.

The Pinnacle@Duxton by Arc Studio, Singapore
The Pinnacle@Duxton, Singapore, by Arc Studio

“It’s amazing because on the same piece of land that housed 150 houses [they have built] up to six or seven times the number of family units,” says Seah.

The Pinnacle@Duxton by Arc Studio, Singapore
The Pinnacle@Duxton, Singapore, by Arc Studio

“The top level is open to the public, because it is public housing after all. You have a 360 degree panorama of Singapore.”

The Interlace, Singapore, designed by former OMA partner Ole Scheeren
The Interlace, Singapore, designed by former OMA partner Ole Scheeren

Next Seah takes us to The Interlace, a new private housing development designed by former OMA partner Ole Scheeren, who has since set up his own studio.

The Interlace, Singapore, designed by former OMA partner Ole Scheeren
The Interlace, Singapore, designed by former OMA partner Ole Scheeren

“Instead of having these tall vertical towers, they broke them down to horizontal towers,” says Seah of the complex, which comprises 31 six-storey blocks stacked diagonally on top of each other.

The Interlace, Singapore, designed by former OMA partner Ole Scheeren
The Interlace, Singapore, designed by former OMA partner Ole Scheeren

The blocks are arranged around large hexagonal communal courtyards, while the roofs of the lower blocks provide smaller gardens for the blocks stacked on top of them.

The Interlace, Singapore, designed by former OMA partner Ole Scheeren
The Interlace, Singapore, designed by former OMA partner Ole Scheeren

“Everybody has a chance to use them and look down into them,” says Seah. “But you’re much closer to the ground than if you were in a vertical tower.”

Marina Barrage, Singapore
Marina Barrage, Singapore

Finally, Seah takes us to Marina Barrage, a dam designed to control the water coming in and out of Marina Bay and prevent flooding in low lying areas of the city. The machinery that operates the dam is housed in a large building alongside, which features a public park on its gradually sloping roof.

Marina Barrage, Singapore
Marina Barrage, Singapore

“Instead of being a utilitarian building, there was a really fantastic agenda to infuse it with a public, park-like quality,” says Seah.

“On the weekends and evenings it’s incredibly popular with families. So for a building that just houses machines, it becomes this living space.”

Marina Barrage, Singapore
Roof of Marina Barrage, Singapore

Seah concludes: “The government has been very clever to balance the need for density with more ample public space that people can share collectively.”

Marina Barrage, Singapore
Marina Barrage, Singapore

We were in Singapore for World Architecture Festival and Inside Festival, and will be publishing interviews with some of the key speakers in the coming weeks.

We drove around Singapore in our MINI Cooper S Paceman. The music in the movie is a track called Feeling Beast by Man Oeuvre.

You can listen to more music by Man Oeuvre on Dezeen Music Project and watch more of our Dezeen and MINI World Tour movies here.

Our Dezeen and MINI World Tour MINI Paceman in Singapore
Our Dezeen and MINI World Tour MINI Paceman in Singapore

The post “Singapore has balanced the need for
density with providing public space”
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“Most of our parents wanted us to be lawyers or doctors. Not anymore.”

Dezeen and MINI World Tour: in our first video report from Singapore, Colin Seah of local architecture studio Ministry of Design tells us how the recent cultural shift away from mass-market shops and restaurants is helping transform attitudes towards design in the city. 

"Most of our parents wanted us to be lawyers or doctors. Not anymore."
Colin Seah of Ministry of Design

“Singapore was known as a clean and green city,” says Seah. “Clean almost to the point of being boring.”

“There seemed to be a saturation of mass-market experiences. But from 2000 to 2005, things started to rapidly open up. Singapore now is a lot more exciting.”

"Most of our parents wanted us to be lawyers or doctors. Not anymore."
Our MINI Paceman across the water from Gardens by the Bay by Wilkinson Eyre

Seah claims that many Singaporeans are choosing to stay away from established chains, preferring to spend their money in more boutique shops and restaurants.

"Most of our parents wanted us to be lawyers or doctors. Not anymore."
Dempsey Hill, Singapore

In the movie he takes us to two recently rejuvenated parts of the city where independent retailers and food outlets are flourishing.

The first is Dempsey Hill, a former British colonial army barracks to the west of the city centre, which now hosts a wide range of independent restaurants and cafes.

"Most of our parents wanted us to be lawyers or doctors. Not anymore."
Dempsey Hill, Singapore

“It was the first major adaptive reuse project in Singapore, where a building that was once governmental or institutional was given back to the market,” says Seah. “That shift has taken root and you see more districts now being reclaimed this way.”

"Most of our parents wanted us to be lawyers or doctors. Not anymore."
Haji Lane, Singapore

Closer to the city centre is Haji Lane, a narrow street lined with two-storey shophouses in the Arab quarter of the city, in sharp contrast to the towering skyscrapers of the nearby financial district that Singapore is more famous for.

“Along Haji Lane you’ll find maybe 30 independent boutiques,” says Seah. “Just a great amount of variety without having to see a brand that you would find also in California or the UK.”

"Most of our parents wanted us to be lawyers or doctors. Not anymore."
New Majestic Hotel by Ministry of Design

One of the first boutique hotels in Singapore was designed by Seah’s studio, Ministry of Design. Called New Majestic Hotel, it comprises four converted shophouse tucked away down a quiet street in Singapore’s Chinatown.

"Most of our parents wanted us to be lawyers or doctors. Not anymore."
New Majestic Hotel by Ministry of Design

Seah believes that the recent demand for hotels like New Majestic Hotel provides an important source of work for designers in the city.

“Without this increased level of curiosity and diversity, firms like ours would not really be able to exist,” he says. “There would just be no market for the work that we do.”

"Most of our parents wanted us to be lawyers or doctors. Not anymore."
New Majestic Hotel by Ministry of Design

He also believes that the cultural shift is encouraging more young people to study architecture and design.

“Because of the need for more firms to provide work of this nature, I think young people feel that it’s less of a risk to enter the design field,” he says.

"Most of our parents wanted us to be lawyers or doctors. Not anymore."
New Majestic Hotel by Ministry of Design

“In Singapore, most of our parents want us to be accountants or lawyers or doctors. [To be an] architect is a bit dodgy and [if you study] interior design or art, you’re a lost cause. But not any more.”

"Most of our parents wanted us to be lawyers or doctors. Not anymore."
SOTA by Singapore architecture practice WOHA

Singapore’s government is also starting to take design seriously, Seah says. In 2008 it established SOTA (School of the Arts), which offers an arts and design-based curriculum for 13 to 18 year olds.

Private art schools have also emerged, such as Lasalle College of the Arts, designed by Singapore practice RSP Architects.

"Most of our parents wanted us to be lawyers or doctors. Not anymore."
Lasalle College of the Arts by RSP Architects

“Schools like SOTA are not just great physical examples of architecture,” Seah concludes. “They are also symbols of where Singapore is headed in terms of culture, in terms of design.”

"Most of our parents wanted us to be lawyers or doctors. Not anymore."
Singapore skyline

We are in Singapore for World Architecture Festival and Inside Festival, and will be publishing interviews with some of the key speakers in the coming weeks.

See all our coverage of World Architecture Festival 2013 »

We drove around Singapore in our MINI Cooper S Paceman. The music in the movie is a track called Feeling Beast by Man Oeuvre. You can listen to more music by Man Oeuvre on Dezeen Music Project.

Watch all our Dezeen and MINI World Tour movies »

"Most of our parents wanted us to be lawyers or doctors. Not anymore."

The post “Most of our parents wanted us to be
lawyers or doctors. Not anymore.”
appeared first on Dezeen.