BMW Pedelec Concept With Geofenced Speed Limits

The ongoing evolution of brands: Zippo was formerly a manufacturer of cigarette lighters, and has now reframed themselves as providers of flame and heat. In the automotive world, the trend is for carmakers to now present themselves as mobility providers. It’s why BMW has realized the CE 04 motorcycle and proposed the CE 02 not-a-scooter.

Moving further downstream, the Bavarian brand is now proposing another two-wheeler, this time a pedelec called the BMW i Vision AMBY (a somewhat clumsy elision of “adaptive mobility”).

“This vehicle occupies the space between a bicycle and a light motorcycle and allows our customers to decide for themselves which roads or routes they want to travel on through an urban area,” says Werner Haumayr, Vice President BMW Group Design Conception. “They have all the flexibility possible, at the same time as turning the pedals and keeping themselves fit. The modes and clever route selection are intended to make it one of the fastest travel options through a city.”

The modes Haumayr are referring to have an interesting twist: The AMBY has three different speed capabilities that are location-specific, enabled by “automatic recognition of location and road type via geofencing technology.” If you’re on a bike path, the bike “knows” and caps its max speed at 25 km/h (15.5 mph); if you’re on a city street, that gets bumped up to 45 km/h (28 mph); get outside the city, and the bike will go up to 60 km/h (37 mph).

It’s an unusual approach, and culturally I think it would work in a place like Germany, Japan or Scandinavia, where citizens are more inclined to follow rules designed for the greater good. But in America, where people are obsessed with personal freedom at the expense of others, I’m not sure the regulated modes would go over well. Then again, the U.S. is probably not the target market.

In any case, the AMBY is another example of the diversification we can expect to see from brands in the future, whether automotive or otherwise. “Everywhere you look, apparently established categories are being blown apart – and that’s a good thing,” says Haumayr. “In the future, classifications such as ‘car’, ‘bicycle’ and ‘motorcycle’ should not determine the nature of the products we think up, develop and offer.”

September Scotch: Ardbeg Traigh Bhan

A small-batch release of smoky, spicy liquid, from the brand’s annual limited edition series

For the third year in a row, Ardbeg Distillery introduces a liquid under the Traigh Bhan title. Pronounced “tri van,” the moniker guarantees a few things: it’s always a 19-year-old age statement, it undeniably carries Ardbeg luscious signatures, and it’s from a small batch production (to be replaced with a different limited edition run the following year). Though the two previous expressions stunned, thanks to the craft they represent and the clever flavor profiles they yield, this latest release—which we’re highlighting as the first entry in this year’s September Scotch series—marries smokiness with pronounced spice in a balanced, mouth-watering manner.

Courtesy of Ardbeg

To help us understand more about the creative spirit of the liquid, Dr Bill Lumsden, Ardbeg’s Director of Distilling and Whisky Creation, walked us through its points of differentiation from the previous years (and others in Ardbeg’s permanent portfolio). These differences are more than just the distinct flavor notes (with 2021’s being brown sugars and walnuts, aniseed and almonds into a peppery finish); they’re an identity drawn from different wooden casks. 

“The main point of difference between version three is that it has a slightly higher proportion of sherry casks in it,” Lumsden tells us. “It also has slightly more refill bourbons, as opposed to first fill, so we got a bit more of that spicy, leathery, walnut-y type note in there. By and large, versions one, two and three are very much brothers or sisters—there’s just slight tweaks in it, but a higher proportion of sherry casks.”

Courtesy of Ardbeg

The production process also incorporates a bit of variation. “We’re dealing with very rare, old stocks of Ardbeg,” he continues, so “I’m slightly handcuffed compared to the experimentation I would do for Ardbeg Day where I can pretty much do anything I want. Basically what we do is sample and taste almost every single cask we have in stock, and then we put together different recipes just to see if we can find little points of difference. So that’s the honest answer to that one.”

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by Graham Hiemstra

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by Graham Hiemstra

There is an underlying ethos behind Traigh Bhan that Lumsden revisits when creating each limited run. “I was trying to recreate elements of the old 17 Year Old release that we used to do back in the day,” he says, “but with a point of difference. So, the 17 Year Old is a much gentler expression of Ardbeg, primarily because at that time it was using much less peated stocks. Whereas the stock for Traigh Bhan I’m using is more heavily peated, so I was just trying to get something slightly softer.”

Courtesy of Ardbeg

“There’s a lot more to Ardbeg than you might think,” Lumsden says. “Most people think of Ardbeg as being like a slap across the face, and that it’s a really an intensely smoky, peaty flavor. In large it is, but within that there are other elements to it. We’ve always believed Ardbeg to be the most complex of the heavily peated Islay whiskies, partly due to our unique distillation processes.” Older expressions released today, like Traigh Bhan and the new 25 Year Old, do express a softer, more nuanced side of the brand while still honoring their flavorful heritage.

For those who have certain expectations of Islay whiskies, this is one that’s certain to defy it. And while the island is “renowned for making these very robust, full-bodied whiskies,” Traigh Bhan weaves in something more.

Hero image courtesy of Ardbeg

This net-zero off-grid home generates solar power to keep it running for the ultimate sustainable lifestyle!

The Off Grid House from Anderson Architecture pushes sustainability to its outer limits in the Blue Mountains of Australia, equipping the home with added protection against insect attacks and extreme weather conditions like bushfires and rainstorms.

Designing and constructing off-grid houses powered by renewable forms of energy takes a lot of craftsmanship and know-how. Every single detail matters–from the insects that live outside the front door to the location’s natural climate and weather conditions. For Anderson Architecture, constructing their latest Off Grid House in the native bushlands of the Blue Mountains in Australia came with its own slew of challenges, but as they describe, “a site’s chief problem should always be the source of its key innovation.”

Operable without a backup generator, the Off Grid House is a bi-level home that’s essentially split into two sections. The two sections of the Off Grif House appear as two steeply pitched skillion-roofed boxes facing opposite directions and providing entirely different functions for passive insulation and energy generation. One of the roofed boxes, the sun-lit box, serves as the home’s sleeping quarters, storing the ample sunlight and heat during the day to keep the bedroom warm at night. Then, the escarpment-facing box is on the other side of things, receiving little to no direct sunlight during the day. These opposing orientations leave room for the roof’s 6.7KW solar system that generates power for everything from the underfloor heating and general electricity.

Additional heat is provided by a small wood-burning fireplace located in the home’s living area. Considering the termites that populate the Blue Mountains, Anderson Architecture built the Off Grid House out of concrete to ensure the pests don’t boor their way into the living room. Throughout the interior and exterior of the Off Grid House, the boundary between indoors and outdoors is blurred with sliding glass partitions, and an outdoor awning that retracts to form a semi-outdoor space or folds down to create a strictly indoor space.

Taking the local trend of wild bushfires into consideration, Anderson Architecture built a retractable metal screen to protect the home from extreme weather conditions. Describing the need for added protection against bushfires, Anderson Architecture describe,

“Low-carbon fiber cement board cladding and decking give the added appearance of timber with the durability of a high bushfire attack BAL 40 & BAL FZ house design performance. Keen to trial additional weather protection measures, we designed an experimental 2.4m external metal screen here. This acts as a wall that can be winched away out of sight is deployed as heavy rain protection, or could be lowered completely as a BAL FZ (flame zone) barrier in the event of a fire.” Then, when it rains, the roofs feed rainwater to water tanks that cap out at 30,000L.

Designer: Anderson Architecture

The outdoor deck creates a cozy semi-outdoor leisure area. 

Inside, clean lines and neutral color schemes provide the house with a calming ambiance. 

The post This net-zero off-grid home generates solar power to keep it running for the ultimate sustainable lifestyle! first appeared on Yanko Design.

Digital twins are "big driver" towards net-zero cities say experts

Clean Cities Clean Future campaign by Cityzenith

Digital twins of buildings and cities could become an essential tool in the battle against climate change, according to technology experts.

These virtual replicas – computer models that use live data to create simulations of real-world objects and systems – can reduce the energy consumption of buildings in operation, proponents claim.

They do this by analysing a range of data sources, from heating and air conditioning systems to employee schedules and local traffic flow patterns. By identifying inefficiencies in these systems, digital twins can propose more energy-efficient approaches.

Digital twins can also lower the carbon footprint of new buildings and structures by optimising the energy efficiency of the construction process, and by tracking and controlling the supply chains of materials and products to reduce embodied carbon.

“In the cities, buildings and infrastructure world, I think the big driver for digital-twin adoption is around decarbonisation,” said Michael Jansen, founder and CEO of digital twin software company CityZenith.

“Digital twins can help at multiple stages in the process of making a building go from carbon-positive to carbon-neutral,” he told Dezeen.

In order to ensure global warming remains within 1.5 degrees Celsius of pre-industrial levels, the global economy needs to become net-zero by 2050, according to the 2015 Paris Agreement on the climate. This means ending all greenhouse gas emissions or negating unavoidable emissions with offsets that capture carbon from the atmosphere.

UK government invests in digital twins

Software developers and tech entrepreneurs predict this will lead to a huge uptake in digital twin technology, as governments and commercial organisations face increasing pressure to reduce their contributions to climate change.

The UK government is already investing. With its Centre for Digital Built Britain, a collaboration with the University of Cambridge, it has launched a National Digital Twin programme to build an eco-system that connects digital twins across businesses, allowing them to more easily share data.

The Centre for Digital Built Britain, supported by the UK government, is building an eco-system of connected digital twins

Sarah Hayes, outreach lead for the programme, believes digital twin technology could play a crucial role in helping cities achieve net-zero carbon emissions.

“[Digital twins] can help us understand the impact of decisions and actions,” she told Dezeen.

“If we’d had digital twins 20 or 30 years ago, would we be facing such a climate crisis now?” she said. “Would we have invested in oil and gas in the way we did, if we’d had all the information about the consequences back then?”

“It’s about putting that information together, to be able to better understand the big picture; I think digital twins is the route to doing that.”

Reducing energy use and carbon emissions

A study published in September 2020 predicted the market for digital twins to increase from $3.1 billion to $48.2 billion by 2026.

The technology is most commonly used in manufacturing, healthcare and logistics. For example, BMW and Tesla have integrated digital twins into vehicle development, medical researchers are using it to simulate the impacts of different treatments, and courier service DHL is using it to optimise operations in its warehouses.

Architects and designers are also experimenting with digital twins. The technology is being used to test the performance of the world’s first 3D-printed bridge, so that the data can be used for future iterations of the design, while Foster + Partners has been using a robot dog to source data for a digital twin of a building under construction.

A recent report from professional services company EY found that digital twins can help to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint of an existing building by up to 50 per cent, alongside cost savings of up to 35 per cent.

The report refers to case studies that include Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, which tested the use of digital twins to reduce energy use, water consumption, carbon emissions and waste across its campus of over 200 buildings.

Using data from a five-year period, the technology was able to suggest changes to building operations, resulting in a 31 per cent saving in energy use and a carbon emissions reduction of 9.6 kilotons.

Smart building management

CityZenith’s SmartWorldPro is one of various digital twin software packages to offer opportunities for carbon reduction through efficient building management.

Developed specifically for the construction and real-estate sector, it can be used to manage the operation of both existing buildings and projects under construction.

Smartworldpro digital twin software by Cityzenith
Digital twin software packages like CityZenith’s SmartWorldPro offer opportunities for carbon reduction

As part of a recent campaign called Clean Cities Clean Future, CityZenith is now offering its software to a selection of cities at no charge, with the promise that it can help them to reach net zero by 2050.

A pilot project will see the technology used to cut operating costs and carbon emissions at Brooklyn Navy Yard in New York.

“Digital twin technology could play a central part in decarbonising our built environment,” wrote Jansen in a recent article for the World Economic Forum.

“Building owners, city planners and governments can use digital twins to track, manage and minimise emissions from both new and old buildings, as well as during construction,” he said. “[They] can also predict traffic flow, or control individual room temperature.”

Brooklyn Navy Yard will use Smartworldpro to create a digital twin
Cityzenith will show how digital twins can help reduce carbon emissions with a project at Brooklyn Navy Yard

Scottish company Integrated Environmental Solutions (IES), another digital twin provider specialising in the built environment, has also proven that this technology can be used to reduce the carbon footprint of a wider area.

A digital twin built from IES’s Virtual Environment software was used to optimise local wind power on Eday, one of the Orkney islands, allowing an entire community to reduce its energy requirements by 76 per cent in a payback of less than six years. The community hopes the changes will allow them to eliminate fossil fuel consumption on the island completely.

Traceability as a service

Decarbonising the supply chains of materials and products used in construction is a more difficult process, as it can involve sourcing data from a global network of manufacturers and suppliers, some of whom may not want to share their data.

One company taking on this challenge is Circulor, which has built up a large network of sources that allow it to uncover detailed information about supply chains. It offers this to a range of companies in a business model it calls “traceability-as-a-service”.

Circulor has worked with manufacturers such as car brands Volvo and Mercedes, aerospace company Boeing and EV battery manufacturer CATL to bring transparency and efficiency to their production, but is now moving into the construction sector.

“I think we’re going to start seeing more specification for sustainable construction, and to do that, you need this traceability that we’re talking about here,” said Douglas Johnson-Poensgen, CEO and co-founder of Circulor.

“People will want to know whether their green steel is really green,” he told Dezeen.

Buildings with digital passports

Technology is fundamental to Circulor’s operation. The company uses digital twins in parallel with blockchain technology, as a way of tracking the source of materials without any possibility of corruption.

According to Johnson-Poensgen, the process is inherently more complicated than a “bag and tag” system, where materials are simply traced from start to finish. Many materials go through several transformations in the process, so tracing these complex networks is only possible with the use of digital twins.

Circulor using digital twins to track supply chains
Circulor uses digital twins and blockchain technology to track complex networks of supply chains

“The challenge is far greater than tracking food or a diamond,” he said, ” because the digital representation of the commodity has to be able to cope with each of its transformation steps.”

“But the idea is that you track the most polluting components, so that you’re confident that they are as sustainably produced as they can be,” he said. “Then you create a ‘digital passport’ for a building, which includes all the ingredients that went into manufacturing each of its components.”

“You’ve then got something you can use as a basis to, for example, refurbish that building in a more sustainable way.”

The post Digital twins are “big driver” towards net-zero cities say experts appeared first on Dezeen.

Stufish designing hexagonal arena for ABBA reunion tour

ABBA arena by Stufish in Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park

British architecture studio Stufish has revealed the first image of a temporary performance venue that is set to host Swedish pop group ABBA’s reunion tour at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in London.

Set to be built from mass timber, the 3,000 capacity arena will host the band’s virtual reunion tour from 27 May 2022, following the release of ABBA Voyage – the band’s first album in nearly four decades.

The six-sided arena, designed by Stufish, will be built on a rarely used coach park next to Pudding Mill station on the Dockland Light Railway.

Designed to be both demountable and transportable the arena has permission to be located in east London for five years.

Venue will see ABBA perform for the first time in 40 years

Although few details of the arena have been released, it has been designed to host a virtual tour that will see ABBA band members performing as “digital avatars” designed by Industrial Light & Magic.

As well as the concert hall, the site will include a box office, stalls, toilets, bars, storage and backstage facilities.

“ABBA’s breath-taking arena delivers the perfect setting for ABBA Voyage, offering you a live music experience like no other,” ABBA Voyage said in a statement.

“The venue is built around ABBA’s timeless music and never-before-seen concert, so you can have the time of your life in general admission or have the option of a seat in the auditorium if you prefer. You can even party in style in your own dance booth.”

Arena set to be demountable and transportable

A March 2020 committee report by the London Legacy Development Corporation states that approval for the demountable and transportable arena has been granted for five years.

Alongside the temporary requirement, the report outlines that “the main building would be hexagonal in form, with the massing informed by the geometry of the seating”.

Stufish has created other performance venues in locations around the world. On Hengqin Island, China the studio wrapped a theatre in a gold facade, mimicking the form of traditional circus tents.

The studio has also worked on stage sets for numerous leading musicians including the Rolling Stones. The studio recently installed a rotating 10-metre sphere in the middle of the stage for British pop band Take That.

The post Stufish designing hexagonal arena for ABBA reunion tour appeared first on Dezeen.

Dezeen Awards 2021 interiors shortlist announced

Citi Wealth Hub by Ministry of Design

The Dezeen Awards 2021 interiors shortlist has been unveiled, with 61 projects selected across 12 categories.

All shortlisted interiors projects are listed below, each with a link to a dedicated page on the Dezeen Awards website where you can find an image and more information about each project.

All shortlists announced this week

The architecture shortlist was announced yesterday, the design shortlist will be unveiled tomorrow, the media and sustainability shortlists will be announced on Thursday, followed by the studio shortlists on Friday.

Shortlisted interiors projects were selected by a stellar lineup of industry professionals including Teo Yang, Mlondolozi Hempe, Dagmar Štěpánová and Eva Sonaike.

A further round of judging by our master jury will determine the category winners, which will be announced in late November.

Vote for your favourite project from next week

Following its success last year, we’re bringing back the Dezeen Awards public vote. From next week onwards, you can vote for your favourite project or studio to win the public vote award. Look out for more information on Monday 13.

To receive regular updates about Dezeen Awards, including details of how to enter next year, subscribe to our newsletter.

Below is the full interiors shortlist:

Softie by OPA
Above: Softie in California, USA, by OPA is shortlisted in the house interior category. Top: Camilla and Mark Armadale in Melbourne, Australia, by Akin Atelier has been shortlisted in the small retail interior category

House interior

SRG house, Sydney, Australia, by Fox Johnston
nCaved, Agios Sostis, Greece, by Mold architects
Softie, California, USA, by OPA
Canyon House, London, UK, by Studio Hagen Hall
The Island, Paris, France, by Clément Lesnoff-Rocard Architecture

Browse all projects on the house interior shortlist page.

Wood Ribbon Apartment by toledano+architects
Wood Ribbon Apartment in Paris, France, by Toledano+architects is shortlisted in the apartment interior category

Apartment interior

Reflections of the past – an Amsterdam loft, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, by Firm Architects
Residence W, Dayuan, Taiwan, by Fws_work
An Urban Cottage, Guangzhou, China, by Lukstudio
Roseneath Street, Melbourne, Australia, by Studio Goss
Wood Ribbon apartment in Paris, Paris, France, by Toledano+architects
Still Life House, Vancouver, Canada, by Untitled [design agency]

Browse all projects on the apartment interior shortlist page.

Veneno by Monteon Arquitectos Asociados
Veneno in Guadalajara, Mexico, by Monteon Arquitectos Asociados is shortlisted in the restaurant and bar interior category

Restaurant and bar interior

KINK Bar & Restaurant, Berlin, Germany, by KINK Bar & Restaurant
Veneno, Guadalajara, Mexico, by Monteon Arquitectos Asociados
The Peacock Mediterranean Grill, Austin, USA, by Proper Hospitality
Istetyka, Kiev, Ukraine, by Yakusha Design / Faina
Virgin Izakaya Bar, Kiev, Ukraine, by YoDezeen

Browse all projects on the restaurant and bar interior page.

The Hotel Britomart by Cheshire Architects
The Hotel Britomart in Auckland, New Zealand, by Cheshire Architects has been shortlisted in the hotel and short-stay interior category

Hotel and short-stay interior

The Hotel Britomart, Auckland, New Zealand, by Cheshire Architects
Hishiya, Kyoto, Japan, by Fumihiko Sano Studio
Toggle Hotel, Tokyo, Japan, by Klein Dytham Architecture
Cloud of Hometown Resort Hotel, Shandong, China, by Line+
VALO Hotel & Work: New Hybrid Hotel Innovation, Helsinki, Finland, by SSA Hotels Oy / VALO Hotel & Work

Browse all projects on the hotel and short-stay interior page.

Chief Chicago by AvroKO
Chief Chicago in Chicago, USA, by AvroKO has been shortlisted in the large workspace interior category

Large workspace interior

Chief Chicago, Chicago, USA, by AvroKO
EF Education First – Denver Office, Denver, USA, by EF Education First – Architecture & Design Studio
Kadokawa Tokorozawa Campus, Higashi Tokorozawa, Japan, by Flooat
YTL Headquarters, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, by Ministry of Design 
Goop Headquarters, Santa Monica, USA, by Rapt Studio

Browse all projects on the large workspace interior page.

Art Barn by Thomas Randall-Page
Art Barn in Devon, UK, by Thomas Randall-Page has been shortlisted in the small workspace interior category

Small workspace interior

Siersema, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, by Beyond Space
DJA Studio, Vancouver, Canada, by D’Arcy Jones Architects
Maruhiro Office, Kyushu, Japan, by DDAA inc.
Sher Maker Studio, Chiang Mai, Thailand, by Sher Maker
Art Barn, Devon, UK, by Thomas Randall-Page

Browse all projects on the small workspace interior page.

Sculptform Showroom by Woods Bagot
Sculptform Showroom in Melbourne, Australia, by Woods Bagot has been shortlisted in the large retail interior category

Large retail interior

Arca Wynwood Design Center Miami, Miami, USA, by Esrawe Studio
Box by Posti, Helsinki, Finland, by Fyra
Dengo Chocolates Concept Store, Pinheiros, Brazil, by Matheus Farah e Manoel Maia Arquitetura
Citi Wealth Hub, Singapore, by Ministry of Design
Sculptform Showroom, Melbourne, Australia, by Woods Bagot

Browse all projects on the large retail interior page.

Camilla and Mark Armdale by Akin Atelier
Camilla and Mark Armdale in Melbourne, Australia, by Akin Atelier has been shortlisted in the small retail interior category

Small retail interior

Bund Post Office and Shop, Ningbo, China, by Yatofu Creatives Oy
Camilla and Marc, Armadale, Melbourne, Australia, by Akin Atelier
›​​ Flamingo Estate Harvest Shop, Los Angeles, USA, by Dutra Brown & Alex Reed
Cadine, Vancouver, Canada, by Ste Marie Art And Design
Rookies / Leidmann, Munich, Germany, by Thatenhorst Interior 

Browse all projects on the small retail interior page.

Fitzgerald Private Clinic by Kingston Lafferty Design
Fitzgerald Private Clinic in Dublin, Ireland, by Kingston Lafferty Design has been shortlisted in the leisure and wellness interior category

Leisure and wellness interior

Waldkliniken Eisenberg, Eisenberg, Germany, HDR GmbH
Goodbody, Oakland, USA, by Homework
Fitzgerald Private Clinic, Dublin, Ireland, by Kingston Lafferty Design
›​​ CAMHS Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, by Projects Office
SFC Shangying Cinema Luxe, Hong Kong, by Pulse On Partnership Limited

Browse all projects on the leisure and wellness interior page.

Bicycle parking garage The Hague by Silo
Bicycle parking garage in The Hague, the Netherlands, by Silo has been shortlisted in the civic and cultural interior category

Civic and cultural interior

Casa Batlló, Barcelona, Spain, by Casa Batlló
The Floating Church, London, UK, by Denizen Works Ltd
The Violence of Chaos, Guangzhou, China, by Domani Architectural Concepts
Bicycle parking garage, The Hague, the Netherlands, by Silo
Employment Support Centre Yoridoko, Shingu, Japan, by ​​Td-Atelier

Browse all projects on the civic and cultural interior page.

Ginlee by Wynk Collaborative
Ginlee in Singapore by Wynk Collaborative has been shortlisted in the small interior category

Small interior

Maidla Nature Villa, Maidla, Estonia, by b210
SMS ADU, Los Angeles, USA, by bunch design
The Arena-Papi, Paris, France, by Neri&Hu Design and Research Office
Canyon House, London, UK, by Studio Hagen Hall
GINLEE Studio store, Singapore, by Wynk Collaborative

Browse all projects on the small interior page.

MO de Movimiento by Lucas Muñoz
MO de Movimiento in Madrid, Spain, by Lucas Muñoz has been shortlisted in the sustainable interior category

Sustainable interior

Bermonds Locke, London, UK, by Holloway Li
MO de Movimiento, Madrid, Spain, by Lucas Muñoz
Furniture Pavilion S, Shanghai, China, by ROOI Design and Research
VALO Hotel & Work: New Hybrid Interior Innovation, Helsinki, Finland, by SSA Hotels Oy / VALO Hotel & Work
Lolita Eipprova, Ljubljana, Slovenia, by Triiije

Browse all projects on the sustainable interior page.

The post Dezeen Awards 2021 interiors shortlist announced appeared first on Dezeen.

9/11 led to "a renaissance of tall building design" say skyscraper designers

One World Trade Center by SOM

The World Trade Center terrorist attacks threw the safety of skyscrapers into the spotlight, but since then they have become taller and more ambitious. As part of our 9/11 anniversary series, we look at how skyscrapers design has changed over the past 20 years.

Following the attack on the Twin Towers on 11 September 2011, which caused the pair of 110-storey skyscrapers in lower Manhattan to collapse, many people questioned the future of tall buildings.

“We thought [9/11] would put an end to the ambitions to build tall for a long time,” said James von Klemperer, president of Kohn Pedersen Fox, which is responsible for designing four of the world’s 10 tallest skyscrapers.

However, instead, there has been a surge of skyscraper buildings in the past 20 years.

“It’s not a question of opinion, the fact is it hasn’t stopped us from building tall,” Von Klemperer told Dezeen. “Since then, more tall buildings have been built than existed before.”

“So you could say it’s kind of a renaissance of tall building design and development that happened after September 11.”

“Idea of skyscrapers as a symbol of progress has really never gone away”

Alongside a surge in the number of tall buildings over the past 20 years, the height of skyscrapers being built has also dramatically increased.

According to Ken Lewis, partner at architecture studio SOM, which designed the world’s tallest building, “one of the most significant changes” to skyscraper design over the last two decades has been the rise of supertalls – buildings that are over 300 metres in height.

“The immediate response to 9/11 as it relates to skyscrapers was that no one would ever want to build above a tabletop again,” Lewis told Dezeen.

“Obviously that has not been the case, in fact, the proliferation of supertalls around the world has been unprecedented.”

The Twin Towers attacks on 9/11
The collapse of the Twin Towers led architects to reconsider the safety of skyscrapers. Photo by UpstateNYer

“In 2000, there were about 25 supertall skyscrapers in the world,” he continued. “Today, there are more than 200, with many more under construction. The idea of skyscrapers as a symbol of progress and power has really never gone away.”

Eui-Sung Yi, partner at Los Angeles and New York-based Morphosis, told Dezeen that the 9/11 attacks directly led to the creation of ambitious supertall buildings.

“The reason why the towers were targeted was because of their symbolic and iconic stature,” he told Dezeen.

“So that reason a skyscraper exists has not gone away, and if anything it probably proliferated it.”

Attacks brought building security to “front and centre”

Assisting this increase in skyscrapers and supertalls have been significant improvements made to both their physical and operational security.

Some architects attribute this directly to 9/11, which Chris Lepine, director at UK studio Zaha Hadid Architects, said placed security and life safety at the “front and centre” in the immediate aftermath.

“Physically, protection to the base of a building with vehicle barriers and blast-resistant cladding was a predominant criterion,” he told Dezeen.

“Logistics and building access were scrutinized with no parking below sensitive portions of any building.”

The Burj Khalifa in Dubai
The supertall Burj Khalifa began construction just three years after the attacks. Photo is by Wael Hneini

KPF‘s Von Klemperer believes this led to a proliferation of closed-off buildings that became “untenable as citizens in the cast of characters in the city”.

As such, architects now have to work “extra hard to look for ways to contribute to the well being of the public” when incorporating security measures into a building, he said.

Techniques include disguising bollards as seating and implementing smart building technologies such as facial recognition that track building occupants without slowing their entry.

“No one wants to build an unwelcoming fortress,” added Lepine. “So clever solutions continue to be developed with security systems greatly enhanced by smart technologies that control all levels of building access.”

Egress route designs were revisited

In SOM partner Lewis’ opinion, “the most direct way that [9/11] impacted skyscraper design is not viewable from the outside”, with many countries beginning to collaborate on sharing building codes and best practices for skyscraper designs.

“The aftermath of that day precipitated the incorporation of international building codes into the local codes around the world,” he said.

“Today, there is extensive overlap among building codes everywhere. The fact that there is a more universal standard has allowed architects and structural engineers to share information and lessons about successes and efficiencies in core and life-safety design.”

Georgina Robledo, associate partner at UK studio Roger Stirk Harbour + Partners, which designed a skyscraper on the World Trade Center site, told Dezeen that one of the biggest changes to the building codes relates to egress following a review of the evacuation of the Twin Towers.

There were only a few narrow staircases in the World Trade Center, which led to a slow evacuation after the attacks.

Scissor stairs are now discouraged and more logical pathways to multiple egress points are required. Wider stairways and backup lighting have also become mandatory.

A dedicated elevator that is protected for firefighters to use in an emergency is increasingly common, alongside lifts for occupant evacuation as an alternative to stairways.

“So there are alternate means of egress and the separation of those,” Robledo said. “So you can always enter a stair core, and if that stair in the lower levels gets compromised, you can re-enter the floorplate and change.”

The elevator technology used in skyscrapers has also vastly improved in terms of velocity and efficiency in moving people across floors, meaning people can be moved out of a building quicker than before.

High-strength concrete has become commonplace

The materials that are used to build skyscrapers have also been reconsidered in the past 20 years. The building cores that contain these egress routes are now typically built with high-strength fireproof concrete.

At the original World Trade Center, the stair cores of the Twin Towers were contained within low-strength Gypsum-board sheets or drywall. Following the attacks, this meant they disintegrated at the impact zones and trapped building occupants above them.

“9/11 really drove home the critical nature of the building’s core and of everything that is within the core,” said SOM partner Lewis.

High-strength concrete cores are now commonplace, and large amounts of specially designed reinforcing bars are typically incorporated to help shield them.

One World Trade Center in New York
One World Trade Center by SOM was built on the site of the Twin Towers. Photo is by Hufton + Crow

Staircases in modern skyscrapers are highly pressurised too, meaning they prevent smoke from seeping through closed doors to better facilitate escape and firefighting access.

“The hardening and the pressurisation of the stairs allow for space that is ventilated, but is not compromised by the risk of smoking during a fire event,” Robledo added.

Built-in redundancy used to prevent collapse

Over the past two decades, engineers have also developed ways to create structures with built-in redundancy – meaning skyscrapers are typically designed against progressive collapse.

Progressive collapse is the structural failure of a building that results when a key structural element fails and causes the failure of adjoining elements. This is what happened at the World Trade Centre following the attacks, as the fires and high temperatures that resulted from the collisions led to sagging floor plates and in turn, the buckling of the steel structure.

Adrian Smith, who designed the world’s tallest building while working at SOM and co-founded skyscraper specialist studio Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture, said that built-in redundancy prevents structural failure as damaged elements transfer their load elsewhere.

“If there was another plane strike on a supertall, the idea is that if it takes out a column or so that the other columns are strong enough themselves to pick up the load that’s displaced by the missing structure,” Smith told Dezeen.

This played a big part in Smith’s design of the Burj Khalifa, the world’s tallest building, which began construction just three years after the terrorist attacks.

“Bigger effort” to create mixed-use highrises

Other changes to skyscraper design over the past 20 years that are not attributed to the events of 9/11 include the increase of towers with a mixed-use programme, rather than those dedicated solely to offices.

Morphosis partner Ung Joo Scott Lee said this is one of the most positive changes in skyscraper design as it ensures that these structures are a benefit to the wider community.

A visual of Azieli Tower by KPF
Mixed-use skyscrapers such as KPF’s Azrieli Tower have become increasingly common

“From a positive point of view, I think the discussion of the tower typology has changed a lot into one where programmatically, how do you make things that can help the communal aspect of a tower,” he told Dezeen.

“There’s a much bigger effort in cautiously understanding how to truly create mixed-use tall towers…to allow multiple tenants and different kinds of spaces to come together.”

Skyscraper design conducted “in a virtual world”

Envelope design has also improved, with the aim of enhancing the environmental performance of skyscrapers.

“The performance of the envelope has been enhanced, and that allows for better solar control, better energy efficiency on these buildings,” Robledo explained.

“It’s about energy efficiency,” she continued. “You are at a point that the higher you go, the less of the context you have to create shadow or to create protection.”

According to SOM partner Lewis, this improvement has been guided by digital technology, which ensures towers can be built “in a way that makes more economic sense than it used to”.

“Computational design has advanced so much that we are able to work on these supertalls in a way that is far more efficient – iterating them hundreds, if not thousands, of times more than we could at any point in the past,” he explained.

“The design is done fully three-dimensionally in a virtual world in which we create digital twins for operational and environmental efficiency.”


9/11 anniversary

This article is part of Dezeen’s 9/11 anniversary series marking the 20th anniversary of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center.

The main photo is by Ahmed Galal via Unsplash.

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18th-century sawmill transformed into contemporary gabled house

Architects André Caetano and Ana Fiúza have converted a former sawmill in the Portuguese town of Oeiras into a house that stands behind a freestanding gabled wall.

Caetano and Fiúza, who are partners in work and in life, worked together to transform the 18th-century building in the heart of the town into a residence for a young couple who wanted an architecturally interesting home.

House in the Sawmill incorporates the 18th-century walls of its predecessor into its architecture

“The volume of the old sawmill was the starting point for the entire project,” explained the architects.

“We intended to preserve its volume and its gable roof, [which were] perfectly integrated into the urban imaginary of this town.”

A series of patios divide the property

In order to make House in the Sawmill more attractive and functional, Caetano and Fiúza introduced three patios that create a strong connection between the interior and exterior spaces.

The compact outdoor areas help to make the rooms feel larger and brighter while providing different experiences throughout the building as a consequence of the varying views.

The kitchen features limestone counters

The property’s entrance is positioned at the base of a freestanding gabled wall that faces the adjacent street and completely conceals the private areas from view.

The doorway leads to a sheltered space containing a raised garden that is lined on one side by a remnant of the original 18th-century stone wall.

“The new facades replicate the geometry of the original construction, respecting its industrial creation,” said the architects.

“However, the use of slats and generous windows allow new visual relations with the exterior, creating unexpected frameworks with the limits of the original construction.”

The gabled roof is expressed on the interior

Internally, the house features a double-height living space that extends all the way up to the exposed pitched ceiling.

A large opening containing sliding doors looks onto another outdoor space at the far end of the room. A roof light and windows incorporated into one wall contribute to the brightness of the whitewashed space.

Microcement floors add to the minimal aesthetic

A mezzanine study slotted in beneath the sloping ceiling is flanked by an angular window containing a door that leads onto a roof terrace.

The interior features a minimal material palette, with surfaces including the microcement floors, limestone countertops and wooden joinery adding textural details throughout.

House in Oeiras
Sliding glass doors open the rooms to the patios

Another Portuguese project that integrates old stone walls into a new residential project is located in Romarigães, where a new brick volume was inserted into the remains of a traditional house.

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EDC designed to become the must-have everyday essentials that you won’t be able to do without!

They say that big things come in small packages, and that certainly stands true for EDCs! EDCs may seem small in size, but they are mighty in their functionality and use! These smart little tools can come in handy anytime anywhere, helping you out of the trickiest situations, and sometimes even quite possibly saving lives! You could be carrying an EDC for days with no real use until, in a time of need, it’ll magically come to your rescue, proving its true value. These little superheroes can make a world of difference while completing tasks. And, we’ve curated the best EDC designs we’ve seen in a while! From a wearable multitool EDC shaped like a ring to an extremely rugged EDC pen that works in a temperature range of  -30°F to 250°F – these innovative product designs promise to have your back no matter what!

Meet the Tool Ring, a finger-worn EDC that can do everything from open bottles and boxes to tighten screws, and even sign documents while you’re at it. The uniquely shaped ring comes with space to dock various hex-shape bits, making it possibly the smallest toolkit in the world. The Tool Ring is exactly the kind of product you get from someone like Vanik Piliguian, an Industrial Designer born in a family of jewelers. Made from titanium the ring acts as a holder for the Tool Ring’s ecosystem of hex-bits, which include a Philips-head screwdriver, a ballpoint pen, a box-cutter, and a flashlight. Independently, the ring sits comfortably on your finger and even has a unique appearance that is also capable of being used as a mini pry tool for opening lids.

The limited-edition Searcher Orange Camp Supplies Kit from VSSL features 72 EDC camping essentials that range from a set of navigational tools to a mini first aid kit, so you’ll always be prepared to rough it in the woods. Made from waterproof, military-grade aluminum, the Searcher Orange Camp Supplies Kit stores all the tools and starter kits you need in an indestructible vessel. Consolidated into canisters the size of hockey pucks, the Searcher Orange Camp Supplies Kit comes loaded with more than ten mini survival packs that carry everything from navigational tools to fishing supplies. Portable by design, VSSL’s Supplies Kit comes with a lid that doubles as a Suunto Compass, which is also considered one of the most trusted navigational tools on the market and carries the rest of the supply kits inside.

For any situation in life, you need to be ready with the right tool at the right time. The Leatherman Curl EDC inspired by the Wave Plus does exactly that with a touch of style. This multi-tool carries the essence of the Portland, Oregon-based origins established more than 37 years ago. Made out of 100 percent stainless steel material, the pocket tool is just the right palm-sized utility that’s so wantable. What piqued my interest about this multi-tool is the unification of 15 tools into a slim package weighing just 7.5-ounce. Leatherman has truly ticked all the right checkboxes here to appeal to a wide array of audiences. And be rest assured about its performance for a long time – after all it comes with a 25-year warranty. Virtually making it last a lifetime!

According to data shared by Professional Footballers’ Association, a huge number of players are now seeking help for mental health issues ranging from performance, competition, to acceptance. Since there is no existing product that addresses the issues governing mental health directly, Breathe, is a device designed specifically to help footballers prevent anxiety. The handy gadget designed by Varun Anand is a fidget EDC/tool that uses buttons. The oval plastic body features soft foam material on the underside which mimics the shiatsu massage technique. The entire device works as a solution to help the user stay calm and relaxed pre and post-game, improving the player’s overall performance.

A 14 key organizer EDC that doubles as a Tile tracker for gadgets and accessories. It also functions as a flashlight – making it an essential tool to have in your pocket. Meet the KeySmart Max smart key organizer that brings to the EDC world a distinct USP with its sleek design and features hand-picked for those precarious times. Designed by STEL Design the EDC is at core a key organizer that performs double duty as an accessory to locate your lost gadgets or important things. The multitool is loaded with Tile Smart Technology to track the location of gadgets, you have a knack of losing every now and then. For example key fobs, wallet, phone, or anything else that matters the most.

Whether you’re a field journalist or a Wilderness First Responder (WFR), a waterproof pen could come in handy on a daily basis. The Tactiv Bolt Action Pen is loaded with Rite-In-The-Rain® permanent ink that can write underwater and in extreme weather conditions for temperatures ranging from -30°F to 250°F. The bolt action trigger also dislodges and retracts the pen tip in a clean, quick swoop to echo the feel of loading a rifle – simply, push, turn, and release. The premium housing for the pen is also built from a hefty combination of aluminum, stainless steel, and polished copper, offering the same tactile experience of the rifle it was inspired by, the M16A4 Series 5.56mm Rifle. Built from aluminum, stainless steel, and polished copper, the Tactiv Bold Action Pen is designed for the outdoors.

A utility knife is one essential EDC virtually everyone has used at some point in their life. But this particular knife variation brings a unique trick to the show, one that will make you think, why hasn’t anyone thought of this already? The tool doubles as a scraper knife for getting rid of those hard-to-remove adhesive marks, old paint stains from furniture, labels from windows and mirrors, or anything stubborn that’s getting hard to get rid of across multiple surfaces. The switchblade-inspired form gets flipped by 90 degrees, giving it a horizontal orientation that a scraper needs. This simple yet effective transformation comes in handy for anyone who works with hand-made designs. And yes, the blade comes with an easily replaceable design once the sharpness wears out.

Meet Modulor, as the name suggests, a modular power bank concept that comes with swappable components to go beyond an ordinary power bank. These external modules fit into place securely, courtesy of the magnetic pogo pins. The modular design is reinforced by an internal skeleton system – on which you can easily swap in modules like LED light or storage for transferring data. Physically, the action mimics inserting a battery into your phone or a camera – everything fits in its place with a reason. The Modulor is designed to hold a 5W LED Light Module capable of 6000K color temperature for finding things in the dark or using it as a flashlight. Then there is the 32B flash drive module having 35Mb/s reading speed and a wireless Qi charging pad attachment having a 7.5W charging rate.

Here enters the Zootility ST-2 foldable pocket knife into the spotlight, reinforced with a unibody design thanks to the screw-less form factor. The multi-tool is a mere 0.080 inches thick, measures 3.51-inches in the closed configuration, and the open mode extends to 5.8-inches. ST-2 is crafted out of 440C stainless steel material, so you can bank on its strength for cutting even the hardest of materials with utter ease. One exciting feature of this EDC that will be important for frequent travelers is the patented FlyOff technology that allows you to remove the blade from the body quickly and forfeit it when you forget to take it out of your pocket at the airport. You’ll be able to get the replacement blade with ease, saving you from all the trouble.

Designed as a heavy-duty carabiner-leash, the GPCA X Clip PRO is, well, for heavy-duty dogs. It comes with a CNC-machined 360clip that easily clips onto any dog collar or harness, offering a better user experience than traditional clasps, which are fiddly and fragile at best. The 360clip is thicker and comes machined out of solid stainless steel. It clips onto any D-ring with absolute ease, and a diamond-knurled grip makes it easy to maneuver for humans, allowing you to slip it on or off with ease. The 360clip even supports a special no-pull leash looping formation, formulated via the GPCA team. By simply allowing you to loop the leash around the dog’s front legs before clipping it to the D-ring, the no-pull formation forces the dog to turn sideways every time they pull too hard against the leash.

Patchwork Military Field Shirt Jacket

From Brain Dead, a collective of artists and creatives from around the world who share a love of post-punk and skateboarding, comes the Patchwork Military Field Shirt Jacket. This jacket (available in XS to XL) is 100% cotton, designed with camouflage style patchworks and fitted with chest pockets on either side. Earthy tones—navy, green and brown—work together through wavy color-blocks and create a refreshing take on a classic silhouette.