Brutalist buildings: Prentice Women's Hospital, Chicago by Bertrand Goldberg & Associates

Brutalism: the design for the clover-shaped tower of Bertrand Goldberg’s Prentice Women’s Hospital in Chicago was enabled by the pioneering application of one of the earliest three-dimensional modelling programmes. With its curving form, Goldberg made a clear break away from the grid formations favoured in Modernist architecture.

Prentice Women's Hospital by Bertrand Goldberg & Associates
Image courtesy of Chicago History Museum

Completed in 1975, Prentice Women’s Hospital was formed of a striking corrugated concrete tower that cantilevered off a central core, joined to a five-storey glazed base by four mammoth interlocking arches. The project required the adaptation of specialist engineering technology reserved at that time for large-scale dam construction and aviation design.



The building housed the maternity unit of the Northwestern University campus in Chicago until its demolition in 2013 to make way for a new biomedical research centre designed by Perkins + Will.

Prentice Women's Hospital by Bertrand Goldberg & Associates
Image courtesy of Geoff Goldberg, also main image

Goldberg began working on the design for Prentice in 1970 and considered several alternative schemes before settling on the formation of a five-storey glazed rectilinear platform topped by a nine-storey concrete quartrefoil tower.

The concrete shell cantilevered off a central core, distributing the building’s weight through four interlocking arches that radiated out from its centre, onto the five-storey podium below.

Prentice Women's Hospital by Bertrand Goldberg & Associates
Image courtesy of Sean Birmingham

“What I believe I have tried to translate into its many forms is the tendency of people to relate to each other,” said Goldberg in an interview with Betty J. Blum published in 1992.

“I don’t think the box or the rectilinear form of architecture, which has been so prevalent in the last portion of the nineteenth century and the early half of the twentieth century, was invented by the architects,” he explained. “It was a denial of human difference. You might say it was also a denial of humanism, because to say humanism is to say that we’re made up of lots and lots of different components and different objectives and different reactions.”

Prentice Women's Hospital by Bertrand Goldberg & Associates
Image courtesy of C. William Brubaker Collection, University of Illinois at Chicago Library

Bertrand made use of a specialist engineering technology called finite element analysis to design these arches. The system allowed engineers to determine the strength of individual elements of a structure and was widely used in the aviation and dam-building industries. Prentice is regarded as one of the first architectural applications of the technology and Bertrand won an award for the design from the Engineering New Record in 1975.

In an open letter to Chicago’s Mayor, Save Prentice – a coalition between the American Institute of Architects Chicago, DoCoMoMo, Landmarks Illinois, the National Trust, and Preservation Chicago formed when plans for the demolition of the building were unveiled – explained the importance of the technique.

Prentice Women's Hospital by Bertrand Goldberg & Associates
Image courtesy of C. William Brubaker Collection, University of Illinois at Chicago Library

“Prentice propelled advances in the fields of architecture and engineering that are still recognised today,” said the letter. “Its cantilevered concrete shell broke with precedent and remains unique in the world. The result created column-free floors that today allow great flexibility for reuse options. Upon completion in 1975, critics and engineers worldwide celebrated Prentice as a breakthrough in structural engineering.”

Like the streets in the sky of Brutalist architects Le Corbusier and the Alison and Peter Smithson, Bertrand’s building was built on socialist principles. The design aimed to foster a sense of community with its floor plan and at the topping off ceremony the architect said the building had been “designed from the inside out.”

Prentice Women's Hospital by Bertrand Goldberg & Associates
Image courtesy of C. William Brubaker Collection, University of Illinois at Chicago Library

The innovative structure did away with the need for internal supports, creating a floor plan uninterrupted by columns. Each quadrant of the tower translated on the interior as a curved bay. The four bays on each floor opened onto a nurses’ station that wrapped around the central core of the building.

The fluted exterior form, dictated by the interior layout, was clad in curved sections of ribbed concrete that ran in horizontal bands around the tower. Columns of oval windows punctuated this facade.

Prentice Women's Hospital by Bertrand Goldberg & Associates

Prentice was one of eight American hospitals by Bertrand that take a similar shape – the precedent for Prentice was the Affiliated Hospitals in Boston, completed in 1971. But Prentice was the only hospital designed by the architect for his hometown of Chicago.

Prentice-Womens-Hospital-credit-Geoff-Goldberg-dezeen-468-interior-2
Original room interior. Image courtesy of Geoff Goldberg.

The building is often credited with being influential in the promotion of unified patient-care, as it consolidated under one roof maternity obstetrics and gynecology services that had previously been separated. The glazed five-storey podium also gave the building a dual purpose, housing the Northwestern Institute of Psychiatry.

According to the preservation campaigners that attempted to save the building, its design “changed the course of modern hospital design”.

Prentice_Women's_Hospital_credit_Geoff_Goldberg_dezeen_468_6
Original interior design model. Image courtesy of Geoff Goldberg.

“His ideas for improving hospital design helped redefine patient- and family-centered care,” said Save Prentice in a letter to Chicago’s Mayor.

“Prentice’s cloverleaf tower exemplifies the belief that patients should be grouped in communities around a nursing center, creating “quiet villages” that improve proximity and sightlines between nurses and patients, welcome fathers into birthing rooms, and place mothers closer to their babies in the nursery.”

Prentice Women's Hospital by Bertrand Goldberg & Associates
Floor form

In 2010 the Northwestern University announced that Goldberg’s building was to be replaced by a new biomedical research centre. The announcement sparked a campaign to have the building Landmarked – the US equivalent to the British Listing system.

The campaign was led by Save Prentice with the support of several prominent architects, including Renzo Piano. Studio Gang’s founder Jeanne Gang also supported the campaign and proposed a new glazed tower to accompany to sit atop Bertrand’s tower.

Prentice Women's Hospital by Bertrand Goldberg & Associates
Studio Gang founder Jeanne Gang’s proposal

In a letter to Chicago council’s Alderman Brendan Reilly, Jeanne Gang explained the building’s significance.

“It is an artifact of an architect who literally thought outside the boxes that dominated his era and remains an inspiration to all who view it today,” said Gang.

Prentice Women's Hospital by Bertrand Goldberg & Associates
Room model

But attempts to save Goldberg’s building failed and in 2013 Perkins + Will architects won the bid to redevelop the site with the Biomedical Research Building. Demolition work began later that year.

The Perkins and Will design, like Goldberg’s, features a tower that rises above a rectangular platform, clad in glass and steel. Construction will begin in 2015.

Prentice Women's Hospital by Bertrand Goldberg & Associates
Diagram – click for larger image
Prentice Women's Hospital by Bertrand Goldberg & Associates
Typical floor plan – click for larger image

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Rendering Chrome Letters the Hard Way

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One of the first things they taught us in ID Rendering 101 was about reflections: You need a sky and you need some earth, and placing these correctly indicates the contours of whatever you’re drawing up. Nowadays software takes care of all that, but in the days of hand rendering, you created sky and earth with markers, Prismacolors, charcoal or an airbrush. And getting the gradations was just a matter of layering strokes and/or going over it with your fingers.

But in this video, hot rod artist Glen Weisgerber shows us how he does it “When the compressor goes down or the power goes out,” i.e. not using an airbrush, but an actual bristle brush. At 23 minutes long, the demo isn’t short, but it’s worth a scan-through to watch him go from zero to done:

Am I the only one who got the design-school-flashback stress jitters while watching him? I almost found myself glancing towards my window to see if the sun was coming up yet.

(more…)

NYC's Newest (and Only) French Bookstore, Albertine: Nestled inside the French Embassy, the community space will host a celebratory festival with talks from filmmakers, mathematicians and more

NYC's Newest (and Only) French Bookstore, Albertine


For the past five years, New York City has—surprisingly, considering its international reputation and community—been lacking something: a French language bookstore. They had all shuttered, one by one, until the last, Librairie de France in Rockefeller Center, closed after 74 years in 2010…

Continue Reading…

The New School, Parsons Launch Journalism + Design Program

logo_horiz_sm2-300x46The goal? “To build a community of students and practitioners dedicated to building a future for journalism that isn’t dictated by corporate PR, wealthy individuals, or government spin.” The means? An interdisciplinary undergraduate degree program at The New School in Manhattan that merges design thinking with traditional journalistic principles. The catalyst? A $250,000 grant from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation that will fund the pilot initiative along with a journalist-in-residence program to bring in practitioners and thought leaders as well as social media editors, technologists, and data reporters. “The Journalism + Design program recognizes the critical and growing role design plays in the creation, consumption and experience of media,” said Joel Towers, executive dean of Parsons The New School for Design, in a statement issued recently by the Knight Foundation. “It creates an exciting new space to explore emergent methods and channels for relaying information that will transform the media industry of the 21st century.”

New Career Opportunities Daily: The best jobs in media.

Thought Bubbles Sculptures

Sui Park est un artiste et architecte d’intérieur basé à Brooklyn. À l’aide de cables zip, il a créé des mailles pour finalement obtenir de magnifiques structures organiques. Ces impressionnantes sculptures semblent presque irréelles et donnent l’illusion de flotter au dessus du sol. Plus de détails en images.

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Alejandro Zaera-Polo steps down as dean of Princeton Architecture School

Alejandro Zaera-Polo

News: Spanish architect Alejandro Zaera-Polo has abruptly stepped down from his post as dean of Princeton’s School of Architecture to “devote greater attention to his research”, just two years after taking the post.

Alejandro Zaera-Polo, co-founder of London-based architecture firm AZPML, has resigned from his post at America’s Princeton University one month into the new academic year.



According to a statement issued by the school yesterday, Zaera-Polo will continue to teach at Princeton, but wanted to “devote greater attention to his research and other professional activities”.

The school’s former dean, professor Stanley T Allen, will serve as acting dean until a permanent successor is appointed and will also oversee the search for the new head.

“I hope that all members of the school community will assist us in making this transition to new leadership as smooth as possible,” said Princeton’s president Christopher L Eisgruber.

The school did not offer any further comment on the resignation. With a campus in New Jersey, the University is widely considered to be one of the leading academic institutions for architecture in the USA. Past teachers and visiting architects at the school have included Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, R. Buckminster Fuller, Louis Kahn, Michael Graves, Peter Eisenman, Rem Koolhaas, Robert A. M. Stern, and Robert Venturi.

Zaera-Polo launched his current practice with former Foreign Office Architects colleague Maider Llaguno in 2011, after Llaguno split with FOA co-founder Farshid Moussavi. He was named dean at Princeton in 2012, having already been a visiting lecturer to the school for more than four years.

He had recently finished work on a research project examining the evolution of architectural facades – the results of which were featured in a room of Rem Koolhaas’ Elements exhibition at the Venice Architecture Biennale this summer. During press tours of the biennale, Koolhaas declined to talk about this particular portion of the exhibition.

Prior to taking the deanship at Princeton, Zaera-Polo had been dean of the Berlage Institute in Rotterdam and the inaugural Norman R Foster visiting professor at Yale School of Architecture.

Earlier this year Zaera-Polo quit one of his biggest jobs – the atrium for the £600 million revamp of Birmingham New Street Station in the UK – following a dispute over cladding materials with client Network Rail. His firm is still involved in the steel cladding for the external envelope of the structure.

“We hope to be able to stay till the end of the project, despite our complete disagreement with the management in respect to the atrium cladding,” he told the Birmingham Mail.

Photograph by John Jameson. Image courtesy of Princeton University Office of Communications.

The post Alejandro Zaera-Polo steps down as
dean of Princeton Architecture School
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First look at issue 23.

What’s the very first thing modern independent publishers do when a new issue arrives? That’s right: share it on Instagram and Twitter! 

Get the current issue in the shop now

Fou de Feu Ceramic Studio

Fou de Feu est un studio spécialisé en céramique dirigé par la designer Veerle Van Overloop. L’agence conçoit et met au point des objets en céramique très épurés. Dans cet article, nous passons en revue les différentes pièces créées par le studio flamand. Du vase au luminaire, en passant par les différentes déclinaisons proposées. Plus de détails en images.

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Dezeen Mail #222

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MVRDV’s giant food market in Rotterdam (pictured), Marc Newson’s beer machine and a scissor-like bridge in London feature in Dezeen Mail issue 222. Click through for all the latest news, jobs and reader comments from Dezeen.

Read Dezeen Mail issue 222 | Subscribe to Dezeen Mail

The post Dezeen Mail #222 appeared first on Dezeen.

Technology in bathrooms should be "hidden away," says Vola designer

Movie: architect Torben Madsen says new technology should be incorporated subtly into bathroom design in this movie produced by Dezeen for Danish brand Vola.

Torben Madsen portrait
Torben Madsen, design manager at Aarhus Arkitekterne

Madsen, who is design manager at Danish practice Aarhus Arkitekterne, which designs all of Vola‘s new products, says the trend for open-plan living spaces has increased the significance of the bathroom as a private space.

T39 towel heater by Aarhus Arkitekterne for Vola
T39 towel heater by Aarhus Arkitekterne for Vola

“Today, the interior of the house is very open, so the bathroom has become a very important room where we can retire, where we can lock the door and be ourselves,” he says. “We see a lot of products with LED lights and touch screens and I think they are very distracting.”

4321 hands-free tap by Vola
4321 hands-free tap by Vola

Vola produce a number of products that incorporate motion sensors, including a hands-free bathroom tap and soap dispenser. But Madsen says the key is to incorporate the technology subtly, so you don’t know it is there until you use it.

RS10 soap dispenser by Vola
RS10 soap dispenser by Vola

“For me as a designer and for Vola, it’s important to put in new technology,” he explains. “People don’t want to touch the tap, they don’t want to touch the soap dispenser. But it’s important to put that away, build in the technical part in the wall.”

111 mixer and tap by Arne Jacobsen for Vola
111 mixer and tap by Arne Jacobsen for Vola

This approach to bathroom design goes back to the first Vola tap mixer, designed in 1968 by founder Verner Overgaard and architect Arne Jacobsen.



“It all started back in the 60s,” Madsen says. “The main point for them was to hide away all the things into the wall that aren’t important to you as a user.”

T39 towel heater by Aarhus Arkitekterne for Vola
T39 towel heater by Aarhus Arkitekterne for Vola

Madsen has taken the same approach with his own products for Vola, which include a heated towel rack consisting of a series of steel bars that protrude out from the wall.

“It obtains all the things that Vola stands for,” he says. “The product is very simple, it’s an extruded aluminium bar that is put into the wall only leaving the bars visible. It’s very Vola.”

060 round shower head by Aarhus Arkitekterne for Vola
060 round shower head by Aarhus Arkitekterne for Vola

Another product Madsen designed for the brand is a round, wall-mounted shower head made from a solid piece of steel.

060 round shower head by Aarhus Arkitekterne for Vola
060 round shower head by Aarhus Arkitekterne for Vola

“It is not a moulded part, it is not a welded part,” he explains “It is made out of a massive cylinder, where you cut slices just like a salami.”

060 round shower head by Aarhus Arkitekterne for Vola
060 round shower head by Aarhus Arkitekterne for Vola

The steel is brushed in a circular motion to emphasise the shape of the shower head.



“One of the most important steps is the brushing of the product,” Madsen says of the shower head, which is hand-brushed at Vola’s factory in Horsens, Denmark. “Here I see where design and handcraft goes hand-in-hand.”

060 round shower head by Aarhus Arkitekterne for Vola
060 round shower head by Aarhus Arkitekterne for Vola

He adds: “For me it’s very important that it is not only designed in Denmark, it’s also produced in Denmark. Which is very rare for these kinds of products. Here they are producing all the things that we have been designing and that makes me happy.”

060 round shower head by Aarhus Arkitekterne for Vola
060 round shower head by Aarhus Arkitekterne for Vola

This movie was produced by Dezeen for Vola. The music featured is by Jo Noon. You can listen to the full track here.

The post Technology in bathrooms should be
“hidden away,” says Vola designer
appeared first on Dezeen.