Going Public: Ennead Architects’ Ovation-Worthy Renovation of the Public Theatre

Architectural historian Spiro Kostof described architecture as “the material theater of human activity,” which makes renovating an actual performance space a daunting prospect (and possibly a meta-performance). Enter Ennead Architects, starring in the multi-year production of renovating New York’s Public Theatre. We asked writer Marc Kristal to survey the project’s latest stage.


The New York City landmark’s new stoop and canopy at dusk. (All photos © Jeff Goldberg/Esto)

“This space has always been about community,” says Patrick Willingham, executive director of The Public Theatre at Astor Place, the magisterial 19th-century Renaissance Revival building that, since the late 1960s, has served as a multi-stage venue for founding director Joseph Papp’s vision of a new and groundbreaking American theatre. Architecturally, at least, that has never been more the case: the capstone of nearly two decades of renovation/restoration work, to the tune of $42 million, by Ennead Architects (formerly Polshek Partnership), the recently completed revivification of the structure’s entry and lobby have dramatically expanded the Public’s public component–making the place that brought you (among countless theatrical high-water marks) Hair, A Chorus Line, and The Normal Heart a crowd-pleaser in every sense.

Though Papp’s intervention, in 1966, saved it from demolition, the building, at 425 Lafayette Street in Manhattan’s East Village, was hardly insignificant. Completed in three phases (by three architects) between 1853 and 1881, it was commissioned by John Jacob Astor and served as the city’s first free public library. In 1921, the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society purchased the property and converted it into a shelter and all-purpose gathering place for newly arrived European Jews; the letters HIAS, in faded paint, are still visible on the northern elevation. Under Papp’s supervision, architect Giorgio Cavaglieri carved out five theatres of varying sizes and configurations, home to some of the great productions of the last half-century. But the communal spaces remained less than stellar: during the HIAS years, the original grand entry podium was lost, replaced by an interior stair that consumed 30 percent of the lobby. And subsequent to Papp’s original renovation, the structure received almost no upgrading until Ennead began substantive work in the mid-nineties.

Without, project architect Stephen Chu, along with design counsel James Polshek and management partner Duncan Hazard, restored the original auspicious sense of arrival with a three-sided grand stair, measuring seventeen by seventy feet and constructed from solid blocks of black granite, protected by a new glass canopy. In addition to extracting the steps from the lobby and enabling theatre patrons to enter at the original level of the three arched front doors, the new stoop serves as a welcome outdoor destination on a street previously lacking one, a magnetized urban gathering place akin to the monumental stairs in front of the Metropolitan Museum on Fifth Avenue (though less imposing and more boho).
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Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects and GSBS Architects

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects and GSBS Architects

Faceted rock-like walls line a towering atrium inside a museum of natural history that opened this week in Salt Lake City.

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects and GSBS Architects

Above: photograph is by Stuart Ruckman

Designed by Todd Schliemann of New York studio Ennead Architects, the Natural History Museum of Utah is arranged on a series of stepped plates that climb a hillside.

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects and GSBS Architects

Above: photograph is by Stuart Ruckman

Shimmering copper panels wrap the upper floors of the five-storey building, above a base of concrete and glazing.

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects and GSBS Architects

The 18-metre-high atrium divides the building into two halves, separating exhibition areas in the south from research laboratories and offices to the north.

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects and GSBS Architects

Bridges cross the atrium to connect galleries with research laboratories on the second and third floors.

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects and GSBS Architects

Above: photograph is by Stuart Ruckman

Local firm GSBS Architects collaborated with Ennead Architects to deliver the building.

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects and GSBS Architects

Above: photograph is by Stuart Ruckman

We recently published another museum with an impressive atrium – see our earlier story about an art museum in Israel.

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects and GSBS Architects

Photography is by Jeff Goldberg/Esto, apart from where otherwise stated.

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects and GSBS Architects

Here’s some more text from Ennead Architects:


Natural History Museum of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah 2011

The design for the new Natural History Museum of Utah embodies the Museum‟s mission to illuminate the natural world through scientific inquiry, educational outreach, mutual cultural experience and human engagement of the present, past and future of the region and the world. Positioned literally and figuratively at the threshold of nature and culture, the building is a trailhead to the region and a trailhead to science. Utah‟s singular landscape and the ways in which humans have engaged its varied character over time are the touchstone for an architecture that expresses the State’s cultural and natural contexts.

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects and GSBS Architects

Together with the interpretive exhibit program and landscape design, the architecture is intended to create an inspirational visitor experience and sponsor curiosity and inquiry. The building provides much-needed space to preserve, study and interpret the Museum‟s extraordinary collection of artifacts, and its exhibits explore and articulate natural history and the delicate balance of life on earth. The building houses advanced research facilities, supporting both undergraduate and graduate education at the University of Utah.

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects and GSBS Architects

Above: photograph is by Ben Lowry

In the foothills of the Wasatch Range, the 17-acre site occupies a prominent place at the edge of the City and the University of Utah campus. Located on the high “bench” that marks the shoreline of the prehistoric pluvial Lake Bonneville that covered much of the Great Basin, the site offers breathtaking views of the Great Salt Lake, the Oquirrhs mountain range, Kennecott copper mines, Mount Olympus and Salt Lake City.

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects and GSBS Architects

Above: photograph is by Ben Lowry

An extensive expedition across Utah in the summer of 2005 initiated the design process. This journey, whose goal was to investigate Utah‟s identity as the starting point for the development of a unique and context-based architectural design in the service of science and discovery, featured visits to cherished natural sites and discussions with the State‟s people. The influence of Utah‟s cultural landscape, the specific impact of the site and environmental imperatives and the influence of the Museum‟s institutional mission became the basis for the creation of a definitive architectural identity.

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects and GSBS Architects

The building is conceived as an abstract extension and transformation of the land: its formal and material qualities derive from the region’s natural landscape of rock, soil, minerals and vegetation. Further reinforcing the essential continuity of nature and human experience is the landscape design strategy, which, in blurring the distinction between natural vegetation and topography and intentional interventions, places humans at the nexus of environmental stewardship.

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects and GSBS Architects

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The Museum rests on a series of terraces that step up the hill and lay along the contours of the site with minimal disruption to the adjacent natural landscape; its powerful jagged profile references the mountains beyond. Intended to play a seminal role in enhancing the public‟s understanding of the earth‟s resources and systems as well as be a model for responsible and environmentally sensitive development, the Museum is designed to achieve LEED Gold certification.

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects and GSBS Architects

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A voluminous central public space – the Canyon – divides the building programmatically into an empirical (north) wing and an interpretive (south) wing and provides access to both. Spaces in the north wing support formal scientific exploration and an objective understanding of our world; these include research laboratories, conservation labs, collection storage and administration.

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects and GSBS Architects

Click above for larger image

The south wing houses exhibits, whose narratives interpret the Museum‟s extraordinary collections and guide the public through an exploration of the delicate balance of life on earth and its natural history. In the Canyon, bridges and vertical circulation organize the visitor sequence; views south across the basin expand the museumgoer experience; shafts of sunlight penetrate the apex, suffusing the space with natural light; and a grand vertical scale uplifts and inspires.

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The material quality of the building‟s exterior roots it in the landscape by recalling Utah‟s geological and mineralogical history and expressing the design as natural form. At its base, board-formed concrete makes the transition from the earth to the manmade. Copper panels constitute the skin of the building, extending from the building‟s volume at angles that reference the geophysical processes that created the metal.

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Accent panels of copper-zinc alloy enhance the subtle variegation of the copper‟s natural patina. The standing seam copper façade is articulated in horizontal bands of various heights to emulate geological stratification on the building skin.

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects ans GSBS Architects

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Design Team
Design Architect: Ennead Architects
Design Partner: Todd Schliemann FAIA
Management Partner: Don Weinreich AIA, LEED AP

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects ans GSBS Architects

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Project Designers: Thomas Wong AIA, Alex O‟Briant AIA
Project Architects: John Majewski AIA, Megan Miller AIA, LEED AP
Interiors: Charmian Place, Katharine Huber AIA

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects and GSBS Architects

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Project Team: Joshua Frankel AIA, Aileen Iverson, Kyo-Young Jin, Apichat Leungchaikul, Thomas Newman, Jarrett Pelletier AIA
Architect of Record: GSBS Architects
Principal-in-Charge: David Brems FAIA, LEED AP
Project Manager: John Branson AIA, LEED AP

Natural History Museum of Utah by Ennead Architects ans GSBS Architects

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Project Architect: Valerie Nagasawa AIA
Interiors: Stephanie DeMott IIDA, Stacy Butcher LEED AP, Beccah Hardman
Project Team: Clio Miller AIA, LEED AP, Jesse Allen AIA, LEED AP, Bill Cordray AIA, Jennifer Still AIA, Eduardo De Roda, Felissia Ludwig, Cathy Davison, Todd Kelsey, Seth Robertson, Robert Bowman AIA